linuxdesktop的现况与未来

June18,20041題綱•Desktopsuite概況•非X架構的DesktopEnvironment•Desktop標準–FreeDesktop.org•進階XExtensions•未來的挑戰June18,20042Desktopsuite現況•Packaging–RPM為主•Desktop–KDEGNOME•Browser–MozillaKonqueror•MailClient–EvolutionKmail•Officesuite–OpenOfficeKOfficeJune18,20043Desktop架構June18,20044•以MS-Windows為例–ObjectModel:COM/ActiveX–ComponentExchange:OLE–ClipboardManager–UserInterface:RichWin32API–Configuration:Win32RegistryDesktop的技術層面June18,20045•KDE架構–ObjectModel:KParts–ComponentExchange:DCOP(DesktopCommunicationProtocol)–ClipboardManager:Klipper–UserInterface:Qt/KDElibs–Configuration:serializedobjects/plaintextDesktop的技術層面(續)June18,20046•GNOME架構–ObjectModel:Bonobo(extendsCORBA)–ComponentExchange:Gnorba(GNOMECORBAframework)/Orbit(freeCORBAimplementation)–ClipboardManager:GCM(GNOMEClipboardManager)–UserInterface:GTK+/GNOME-libs–Configuration:GConfDesktop的技術層面(續)June18,20047•Dr.BertG.Wachsmuth所做的介紹：–DesktopenvironmentsarebothacontrolframeworkandaninteractionframeworkforprogramsthatrunonXWindowsandtheuser.Thedesktopenvironmentoftenincludesawindowmanagerthatisspecificallyrequiredbythedesktopenvironment.Itisaninteractionframeworkbecauseitprovidesameansforprogramstocommunicatewithoneanotherinaveryhigh-levelway.Thedesktopenvironmentisanoptionalcomponent,sincemanywindowmanagersoffersufficientfunctionalitytonegateitasarequirement,butinordertomakemoreadvancedfeaturesavailable,adesktopenvironmentisrequired.DesktopEnvironmentJune18,20048KDEGnome發起人MatthiasEttrichMigueldeIcaza時間October1996August1997架構-Qt(crossplatformgraphicalwidgettoolkit)-KParts(lightweightin-processgraphicalcomponentframework)-KWin(windowmanager)-DCOP(systemforcommunicationbetweenprocesses)-aRts–(soundserver)-KHTML–(HTMLengine)-GTK+(Widgettoolkit)-Pango(Layoutandrenderingofinternationalizedtext)-ATK(Accessibilitytoolkit)-Orbit(aCORBAORBforsoftwarecomponents)-Bonobo(acompounddocumenttechnology)-GNOMEVFS(avirtualFilesystem)-GConf(forstoringapplicationsettings)-Gstreamer(multimediaframeworkforGnomeapplications)MajorNativeApplication-Konqueror-FilemanagerandwebbrowserusingKHTML-Kopete/Kmess*-Instantmessager-Kate–Texteditor-Krita–imageeditor-Kword–wordprocessor-Kspread–spreadsheet-KMail-Emailclient-Nautilus-Filemanager-Gabber/Gaim*-Instantmessenger-Galeon-WebbrowserbasedonMozilla-Gedit-Texteditor-TheGimp-Advancedimageeditor-Abiword-Wordprocessor-Gnumeric-Spreadsheet-XimianEvolution-Contacts/Timemanagementande-mail.June18,20049•i18n(Internationalization)/L10n(localization)能力•良好的Framework/Toolkit支持•多樣化的profile/configuration處理•高擴充性、延展性、模組化設計–Desktop各元件間必須同時兼具高凝聚性與低耦合度，能夠立刻(on-the-fly)抽換元件，而不影響既有運作，並且可以動態載入模組，藉由特定介面進行操作•應用程式間的互動性•支持強化DesktopEnvironment的extension(以X架構為例)•快速更換不同外觀、環境、設定，以及各種展現•與週邊裝置(硬體)的整合度–對應硬體需要有足夠的抽象化設計•依循國際標準DesktopEnvironment成功因素June18,200410•由KDE與GNOME開發者共同發起(March2000)•專注於DesktopEnvironment標準化與效能提升•實驗性嶄新架構–ICCCM/EWMH–Fontconfig/Xft–Clipboard/Drag-n-Drop–XEMBEDprotocol–Thumbnail/preview–Menusystem–MessagebusIPCsystem(D-Bus)–Iconthemes–StartnotificationDesktop標準--FreeDesktop.orgJune18,200411•OpenSource’d–Trolltech的Qtopia(Qt/Embedded)–DirectFB•ClosedSource’d–？？非X架構的DesktopEnvironmentJune18,200412•Qtopia展示：~jimchyun/qpe/June18,200413•FreeDesktopPlatform=DesktopPlatform–SharedbyKDE/GNOME/others–ABI/APIcompatibility•XFont–Xft/Fontconfig•XComposite•XRender•Cairo•Translucencywindow進階XextensionJune18,200414字型/字體/字庫•點陣字庫(Bitmapfonts)–Consolefonts–BDF/PCFfontsinXWindowSystem•向量/矢量/曲線字庫(Vectorfonts)–PostScriptType1fonts(Adobe)–TrueType(Apple,Microsoft)–OpenTypefonts(mayincludeTrueTypeorType1data),(Adobe,Apple,Microsoft)June18,200415字型/字體/字庫June18,200416•Fontrenderingengines–XFree86-native–FreeType1andFreeType2–Application-nativeimplementations•X11corelibraryisshowingitsage–2-bit(blackandwhite)fontdisplayonly–nogreyscaleoranti-aliasing•Xft,Xft2/fontconfig,STSFetc.ScreenDisplayJune18,200417Xft/fontconfig•XFree864.x引入–XRenderExtension•Alpha、anti-aliasing、sub-pixel(serverside)–XftLibrary•RasterizewithFreeType&XRender(clientside)–FontconfigLibrary•Fontaccessing(clientside)•獲得主流widgetset/toolkit支持–GNOME2.x&KDE3.xJune18,200418XCompositeJune18,200419•LinuxKernelHacker,Ximian工程師RobertLove在FOSDEM針對＜TheLinuxKernelandTheLinuxDesktop＞議題提出以下的想法：–典型的DesktopKernel需求：•PerformanceandTuning•Improvedpowermanagement,suspend/resume,andlaptop-relatedpolicy•BetterX/3Dsupport•Stablekernelinterfaces–RobertLove則認為還需要對以下項目著墨：•Hardwaremanagement,integration,hot-plugging,andnaming•Kerneleventssystemanduser-spacemessagingbus未來的挑戰June18,200420HAL(HardwareAbstractionLayer)•LinuxKernel2.6中，HAL提供D-Bus(lightweightsimplemessagebussystem)與一組程式庫API，以應用程式的觀點，不需要再去留意硬體偵測，甚至不需要去考慮特定的devicenode•FreeDesktop.org的HAL專案•比方說，我們要設計一個XWindow下WebCam的程式，那麼，我們只要跟HAL這麼打交道：–「請告訴我系統上關於camera的硬體清單」June18,200421HAL&HotplugscenarioJune18,200422Penzilla–intgratedMozillaJune18,200423謝謝！