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Ifsomebodyasks,whatexactlyistheocean?Andwhatisthesea?Whatwouldyousay?——刘成熠4班首先,我们来看看常见常听到的海洋生物(marineorganism)的中英文名称:Jellyfish/Acaleph水母ˈdʒelifɪʃBallonfish刺河豚Flatfish/Flounder比目鱼Butterflyfish蝶鱼Flyingfish飞鱼Angelfish琵琶鱼Swordfish旗鱼Clownfish小丑鱼以上这些海洋生物的名称不管是英文还是中文大多基于其区别于其他生物独有的性状。所以中英对译中几乎就是找到形容其特征的词,与“鱼/fish”搭配构成;类似的还有:Inkfish乌贼Lionfish狮子鱼Starfish海星Sweetfish香鱼Trumpetfish管口鱼Squirrelfish金鳞鱼StripedEelCatfish(条纹鳗鲶鱼)stargazerfish观星鱼与此相同的还有单词构成中有‘sea’的,中文叫“海……”Seaurchin海胆seaanemone海葵seasnake海蛇seaslug海参Seaweed海藻sea-tent海带seahorse海马seaotter海獭seaslug海参seaurchin/ˈɜ:tʃɪn/海胆seaotter海獭seaanemone/əˈneməni/海葵sea-tent海带还有一些,其中文名字是从英文名音译过来的,Sardine[ˌsɑ:ˈdi:n]沙丁鱼Salmon['sæmən]三文鱼…………除此之外,其他的我们能够接触到的一些海洋生物的名称,Piranha食人鱼octopus章鱼coral珊瑚dolphin海豚eel海鳗rudd石斑鱼oyster牡蛎Lobster龙虾mussel蚌shrimp虾sponge海绵ray魟鱼abalone鲍鱼bluewhale蓝鲸spermwhale抹香鲸humpbackwhale座头鲸killerwhale虎鲸narwal独角鲸Orca逆戟鲸以上海洋生物的英文名称其实是简化后的习惯用法,严谨的动物名称命名是通过双名法的形式,即“属名(拉丁文)+种名(拉丁文)”;例如,所以说,个中玄机太过复杂;我们还是看下一部分Idiomsandexpressions与海洋知识有关的各种英语习语常用句LaminariajaponicaAresch一般说‘kelp’or‘sea-tent’,就是“海带”,Fish作为海洋生态文化中出现频率最高的词语,常通过隐喻被转为其他语义;acoldfish(冷漠的人),aloosefish(放荡不羁的家伙),apoorfish(愚蠢而又可怜的家伙),aqueerfish(古怪的家伙),ashyfish(害羞的人)tobelikeafishoutofwater(处于逆境),tocrystinkingfish(自揭家丑),tofeedthefishes(晕船),tothrowasprattocatchawhale(四两拨千斤),Ventureasmallfishtocatchagreatone.(欲取之,须予之)tofishintheair(水中捞月),tohook(land)one‘sfish(如愿以偿),tofishorcutbait(当机立断),tofishout(up)(钓光,捞出,摸索出),tocatchfishwithasilverhook(打肿脸充胖子)与wind有关tofindhowthewindblows(暗察形势)totrimone‘ssailtothewind,(见风使舵)tolookoutforsqualls(提防危险)toraisethewind(筹款),tosailbeforethewind(顺风行驶),tosailagainstthewind(逆风行驶)西方人也常用其他生物名称作比喻并构成成语或谚语。如:babyflattop(护卫航空母舰),oldwhale(老水手),awhaleofadifference(天壤之别),thebigsharks(垄断资本家),asharkatbridge(桥牌高手),tosharkupmoney(骗取钱财)等。toshedcrocodiletears(猫哭老鼠),toburnone‘sboat(破釜沉舟),todrinklikeafish(牛饮),tospendmoneylikewater(挥金如土),allatsea(不知所措),betweenthedevilanddeepsea(进退维谷)。Afterastormcomesacalm.(否极泰来)。Allriversrunintosea.(海纳百川)翻译成汉语四字词;tothrowasprattocatchawhale(抛砖引玉),togobytheboard(计划落空),toblowhotandcold(摇摆不定),tohanginthewind(犹豫不决),tocastpearlsbeforeswine(对牛弹琴),togetintodeepwater(陷于困境)tobeinlowwater(搁浅,经济拮据),tosowthewindandreapthewhirlwind(恶有恶报),beontherocks(触礁,处于困境),toknowtherope(熟悉内幕),tocastananchortothewindward(未雨绸缪),tositabovethetable(坐上八位)英语中有很多充满智慧的谚语往往都是以海洋物质名词为中心词构成的如:Timeandtidewait(s)fornoman.岁月不等人。Agreatshipasksfordeepwater.大船走深水。Itisacknowledgedthatcamelistheshipofthedesert.骆驼被公认为沙漠之舟。Tosetsail.扬帆起航。Neverfryafishtillit‘scaught.别操之过急。Thegreatfisheatupthesmall.弱肉强食。Ifyouswearyouwillcatchnofish.发誓赌咒,与事无补。Towinthevictory,weneedallhandstothepumps.我们需要全力以赴才能获胜。Itisasillyfishthatiscaughttwicewiththesamebait.聪明人不上两回当。Neitherfish,flesh,norfowl/neitherfish,fleshnorgoodredherring.非驴非马,不伦不类。Thebestfishsmellwhentheyarethreedaysold.久住遭人嫌。Youmustnotmakefishofoneandfleshofanother.切莫厚此薄彼。Allisfishthatcomestohisnet.来者不拒。Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.别班门弄斧。Alittleleakwillsinkagreatship.千里之堤溃于蚁穴。Alittlebodyoftenharborsagreatsoul.浓缩的都是精华。Therewasasgoodfishintheseaasevercameoutofit.天涯何处无芳草。WhenitcomestoOcean,nowell-wordedlanguagecoulddescribethetiniestpartofitsmagnificentbeauty.Withwidthsbeyondcontinents,depthoverEverest,itisbreedingmiraculousandamazingspecies.weshouldprotectmarineanimalsanddonotharmtotheselovelyanimals.Theyarethehuman’sfriendsandallkindoflifeshouldberespected.
本文标题:海洋 英文翻译知识
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