-定语从句讲课

Grammar2020/2/111定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“”.引导定语从句的词叫“”名词代词先行词关系词基本概念复习2020/2/112,在定语从句中，关系代词有that,which,who,whom,______和______.关系副词有when,where和______whoseaswhy2020/2/113定语从句的基本结构是______+______+从句。先行词关系词2020/2/11定语从句常见考点必修一1.只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词=？举例3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.指人时用who不用that的情况6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题参考资料：导学案优化方案课本1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。4.先行词中既有人又有物时5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。6关系代词在从句中作表语时只用that的情况:考点一:that与which的区别1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(12浙江2)A.whichBthatCthisD.it只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面2.Theday______hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this考点二:介词+关系代词提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替2020/2/11Fillintheblankswithproperpreps.1.Thisisthebook_____whichIspent5yuan.2.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaid5yuan.3.Thisisthebook_____whichwecanlearnalot.4.Thisisthebook_______whichweoftentalk.5.Thisisthebook_____whichIwrotedownmanynotes.onforfromaboutin2020/2/11Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?考点三Whose用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.2020/2/11Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.把下面两个简单句组合成定语从句。2020/2/11Thatisthemachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.考点四：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2020/2/11•as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：（请记笔记）1ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样3asiswellknown众所周知4aswasexpected正如预料的那样5ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样6asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样1.______wasnatural（意料之中）,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns（符号）_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as5.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As6.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeAnyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those_____breakthelawarepunished.He_____breaksthelawispunished.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.考点五:that与who的区别whowhowho考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?主要是看先行词在从句中做的句子成分，如果先行词在从句中做的是主语和宾语，那就用关系代词；如果先行词在句子中做的是状语那就用关系副词。Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.when(which/that)(which/that)where用关系代词或关系副词填空2020/2/11•定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代I,谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题1.Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．2.Don‘tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．isam3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosingSummary(小结)解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。如何做定语从句练习题？2020/2/11Correctthesentences:改错1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.∧tothat2020/2/114.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.whichwhoCorrectthesentences:2020/2/11•6.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.•7.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.thatwhyCorrectthesentences:2020/2/118.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfu