初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解

英语句子结构分析英语的句子基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)那他们该怎么放置才好呢？主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词充当。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Hisfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedhappy.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.3)Howmanypiecesdoyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.1)Thegovernmentappointedherchiefdelegatetotheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语主语FindouttheSubjectinthefollowingsentences.1.Jimisreading.2.Howmanystudentspassedtheexam?3.Whoisondutytoday?4.Hewentshoppingyesterday.5.Whatdoeshelike?6.Whathappened?☆Readingismyinterest.名词代词动名词谓语Theseboyslikeswimming.•Iwrotealetterjustnow.•Maryrunsveryfast.•Thosepeoplearetalking.•Wecanswim.•Theydon’twanttohaveapicnic.Hestoodupandwalkedtowardsme..实义动词充当谓语谓语部分由and连接并列谓语动词宾语FindouttheObjectinthefollowingsentences.1.Youshoulddoitatonce.2.Shedidnothing.3.Iwilltellhersomething.4.Pleasegivemethebook.5.UncleLibought20sheepthisyear.6.Tomisreadingabook.☆Sheenjoyscollectingstamps.代词充当宾语双宾语名词充当宾语动名词短语定语1.Wealllikeinterestingstories.2.Thebookonthebedismine.3.Doyouknowthatwoman?4.Shewearsaredblouseandawhiteskirt.5.Jimmissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.6.Tom’sauntisveryrich.7.Whosebookisit?8.Agoodfriendissomeonewhomakesmehappy.宾语补足语1.HecalleditMickeyMouse.2.Isawyououtthismorning.3.Whathedidmademeangry.4.Pleaseputitinthedrawer.5.Ifoundallthewindowsbroken.6.Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.7.Themanageraskedmetobuysomething.找出下列句子中的状语Weusuallygetupat6o’clock.Thereisacatbehindthedoor.Ifoundapurseonthefloor.Thenextdaywedidalotofwashing.Becauseofbadweather,weputoffthematch.时间状语地点状语地点状语时间状语原因状语英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）s:subjectv:verbP:predicativeo:object(indirect)c:complement基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,standＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisfaceissmells(闻)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）：A：动词后加to:give给show给……看send寄，打电报bring带……read读……pass递给……lend借给……leave留给……hand交给……tell告诉……return把…还给…write给…写信B:动词后加for:buy给/为某人买…draw替/给某人画…make为某人制作…【秘诀】“七给”“一带”to不少，“买”“画”“制作”for来了。【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给”(give,hand，lend,pass,show,send,write)和“一带”(bring)8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾