7 the stereotype

StereotypeImage,idea,character,etcthathasbecomefixedorstandardizedinaconventionalformwithoutindividuality(andisthereforeperhapsfalse)--OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryAfixedideaorimageofwhataparticulartypeofpersonorthingislike1.Canyougiveanexampleofstereotypesyouhaveaboutpeopleinothernations?French’sromanticism、German’spreciseness、Italian’senthusiasm,Chinese’sconservatismBritishpeople:Reserved,conservative,unemotional,courteous(polite),humourous,exclusiveAmericans:Materialistic,ambitious,brash,pleasure-loving,progressiveNegros:musical,lazy,ignorant,happy-go-lucky,energeticJews:Shrewd,intelligent,materialistic,industriousJapanese:Industrious,ambitious,intelligent,efficient,progressive,treacherous,sly2.Canyougiveanexampleofamistakenstereotypethatothershaveaboutyourcountry/culture?3.Arestereotypesgoodorbad?Advantages:Reflectabitoftruth;reflecttherealdifferencesbetweenpeople.Helppeoplerespondrapidlytosituationstobeconvenient,expeditiousinmakingjudgmentandassistyouwithclassifications.Disadvantages:Itignoresdifferencesbetweenindividualsandfailstospecifytheindividualcharacteristics.Stereotypeshamperinterculturalcommunicationinthattheyrepeatandreinforcebeliefsuntiltheyaretakenastruth.Theyareover-simplied,over-generalizedand/orexaggeratedandsomeofthemarehalf-truths,distortions,andoftenuntruepremises,sotheymayresultinprejudiceanddiscrimination.TheStereotypeofStereotypesBruceBowerTask1Skimthearticlequicklyandfigureoutthemainideaofitwithin6minutes.Keywords:stereotypeTheauthorpresentsvariouspointsofviewandresearchofscholarsonstereotypesManypeople’swordsaboutstereotypesarelistedinthearticlethroughthebeginningtotheend.Task2Scanquicklytofigureoutthevariouspointsofviewandresearchofscholarsonstereotypes,thendoexercise2within6minutes.Keywords:Yue-TingLeeCharlesStangorWalterLippmanGordonW.AllportReubenM.BaronDavidC.FunderLee’spointofview:Whilethenationalstereotypesfallshortofabsolutetruth,________________________________________________________.Stereotypes,ratherthanrepresentingunjustifiedprejudices,typicallyfunctionas________________________________________________________________________,aswellas__________________________________.Wehavetohavestereotypesto__________________________________________________________________________________.theyareaccurateenoughtogivetheaphorismitshumorouspunchuncertainandunfamiliardealwithsomuchinformationinaworldwithwhichweareoftenstartingpointsforunderstandingotherculturesandthought-efficientsocialgroupstheindividualswhobelongtothemVariouspointsofviewofscholarsonstereotypesManypsychologists:stereotypingisabreedinggroundforerrantgeneralizationaboutothersthateasilyleadtoracism,sexism,andotherformsofbigotry.(Para.5)CharlesStangor:intelligencegiveswaytomisjudgment;peopleemploystereotypesmainlytosimplifyhowtheythinkaboutothersandtoenhancetheirviewsofthemselvesandthegroupstowhichtheybelong;inthehandsofpoliticallypowerfulfolks,stereotypesabeteffortstostigmatizeandexploitselectedgroups.(Para.6)VariouspointsofviewofscholarsonstereotypesWalterLippman:stereotypesofsocialgroupsinvariablyproveincompleteandbiased.(Para.8)GordonW.Allport:stereotypesareinvalidbeliefsaboutallmembersofagroup.(Para.9)ReubenM.Baron:ourancestorsmusthavereliedonstereotypestomarshalquickresponsestopotentialthreats.(Para.13)VariouspointsofviewofscholarsonstereotypesDavidC.Funder:suchsubtletiesofstereotypinghavegonelargelyunexplored.…Mostresearchofthepast25yearshastriedto……Thisapproachneglectstoaskwhetherpeopleinawidearrayofreal-lifesituationsincorporateaccurateinformationintotheirstereotypes.(Para.18-20)Refutation1(Para.7):Stereotypesareoftenhelpful,ifnotabsolutelyprecise,probesofthesocialworld.Inmanyreal-lifesituations,stereotypesaccuratelycaptureculturalorgroupdifferences.Refutation2(Para.11-13):Groupdifferences,notprejudice,aretherootcauseoftensionandconflictbetweenvariousculturalandracialgroups.Task3Doexercise1onpage119andfigureoutthestructureofthisarticlewithin20minutes.PartI(P1-P7)PartII(P8-P13)PartIII(P14-P20)MainIdeaofEachPartPartI(P1-P7):introductionofLee'sopinionandotherpsychologists'opiniononstereotypes.PartII(P8-P13):thedevelopmentofscholars'pointsofviewonstereotypes.PartIII(P14-P20):scholars’introspectionoftheresearchonstereotypes.Wordstudy(para.1-4):barbedobservationfallshortofgive…ahumorouspunchboastdwellingculinarypotentialWordandsentencestudy(para.5-7):aboutaswelcomeasacutintheirresearchgrantsWhatdoesthismean?Whatdoesittellusaboutscientistsandtheirresearchgrants?Canyoumakeupotherexpressionsusingthisphrasing?breedinggroundbigotryStereotypesabeteffortstostigmatizeandexploitselectedgroups.givetheirdueprobecaptureWordstudy(para.8-10):erroneousinvariablyinvalidencasekernelfavordelineateWordandsentencestudy:Lee’sapproachtostereotypesfallsquarelywithinthefocusonaccuracyofjudgement.intensifyanimosityEffortsatconflictresolutionbetweenethnicgroupsornationsmayworkbestifbothsidesreceivehelpinconfrontingrealculturaldifferencesthattriggermutualan