新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT

Chapter3TheMethodsofTranslationLiteralTranslationFreeTranslationTransliterationKeyPoints:Whatareliteraltranslation&freetranslation?Theargumentbetweentwomethodsinhistory.Whentoemploythemeansoftranslation?Twomethodsintranslationpractice.3、TheargumentgoingoninChinabetween直译and意译．TherearedifferenttranslationsforthetwotermsinEnglish：直译istranslatedas“literaltranslation”or“word-for-wordtranslation”，and意译as“liberaltranslationorfreetranslation．Asforfreetranslation．thetranslatorisneverreallyfree，butisalwaysrestrictedbythesourcetext．Actuallythepurposeofanyandalltranslationistoconveythemeaningofthesourcetext，justasEugeneNidaputit：Translatingisthetranslatingofmeaning．Actually，alltranslationisinthissense意译．WhenthetargetlanguageCanexpressthesameideathroughaform(idiom，sentencepattern，etc)similartothatofthesourcelanguage，itseemstobealiteraltranslation．1、直译与意译的定义。Literaltranslationisasked1)nottoalterthefiguresofspeech,2)strivetoretaintheoriginalsentencestructuresorpatternsasmuchaspossible.Itstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginalworksandretainsasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeech.1、直译与意译的定义与特点。Freetranslationchangestheoriginalwork’sfiguresofspeech,sentencestructuresorpatterns,butnottheoriginalmeaning.ItstressestheTLsmoothness.Itaimsatthecommunicativeeffectofthetranslatedversion.2、翻译史上直译与意译的争论。1）晋：道安translationofSanskirt直译代表：“案本而传，不令有损言游字。时有改倒句。余尽实录。”2）Kumarajiva鸠摩罗什意译代表：《鸠摩罗什传》“但改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也。”3）玄奘：即须求真，又须喻。《续高僧传》：今所翻传，都由奘旨，意思独断，出语成章。词随人写，即可披玩。3、翻译的最高境界是直译与意译的融合。史例：1梁启超：若玄奘者，则直译意译，圆满调和，斯道之轨也。Asuccessfultranslationisusuallyacombinationofboth,andbothmethodsoughttobeadoptedinaflexibleandrealisticway.史例：2林语堂的《浮生六记》东坡云：事如春梦了无痕。SuDonposaid：Lifeislikeaspringdreamwhichvanishedwithoutatrace.史例：2林语堂的《浮生六记》芸回眸微笑。便觉一缕情丝摇人魂魄，拥之入帐，不知东方之既白。Yunlookedbackatmewithasmileandoursoulswerecarriedawayinamistofpassion.Thenwewenttobed,whenalltoosoonthedawncame.4、直译与意译在实践中很难调和。例1Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.例2武行者心中要吃，那里听他分说，一片声喝道“放屁，放屁”。《水浒传》NowWuthepriestlongedmuchtoeat,sohowcouldhebewillingtolistentothisexplanation?Hebellowedforth:“Passyourwind,Passyourwind”.Kiss-me-quick;Hebentsolelyuponprofit.Weareheretodayandgonetomorrow.4、有些翻译直译与意译皆可。原文：Businessisatwo-waystreetandtokeepitopeninbothdirectionstheremustbeasensethatbothpartnersaredoingtheirutmosttoensureasteadygrowthineachother’smarkets.4、有些翻译直译与意译皆可。直译：生意好比双行道，伙伴双方都必须明白，只有竭尽全力确保对方向自己市场的出口稳步增长，道路的两个方向才得以畅通。意译：做生意得有来有往，来和往这两股道得保持畅通，应当有这么一个观念，即伙伴双方同时都尽最大努力，来确保对方向自己市场的出口稳步增长。生命诚可贵，爱情价更高，若为考研故，二者皆可抛。Loveisdearertomethanlife,butforthesakeofthesuccessinthepostgraduateentranceexaminations,bothofthemmaybeignored.5、直译并不是死译。1.如今江湖上歹人多。（36回）Inthesetimestherearemen——evilmenbyriverandlake.2.(……那捕盗官司的人，那里敢下乡村来？若是那上司官员差他们缉捕人来，）都吓得屎尿齐流，（怎敢正眼儿看他！Theywouldpisstheirwaterandpasstheirwastewithoutknowingit.I(interpreter)：你的太太真漂亮!C(Chinese)：哪里，哪里!I：Where．where!F：Fromheadtotoe．I：从头到脚(都美)。C：不见得，不见得。I：Nottobeseen．nottobeseen．6、直译与意译在翻译中灵活处理。子曰：吾十有五志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。韦理：TheMastersaid,AtfifteenIsetmyheartuponlearning.Atthirty,Ihadplantedmyfeetfirmupontheground.Atforty,Inolongersufferedfromperplexities.Atfifty,IknewwhatwerebiddingsofHeaven.Atsixty,Iheardthemwithdocileear.Atseventy,Icouldfollowthedictatesofmyownheart;forwhatIdesirednolongeroversteppedtheboundariesofright.劳安：Confuciussaid:Atfifteen,Isetmyheartonlearning.Atthirty,Ihadalreadyagraspoftheritesandmorals.Atforty,Icouldformmyownjudgmentsofthings.Atfifty,Ibegantoknowtheobjectivelawsofnature.Atsixty,Icouldknowamanfromhiswordsandmakeacleardistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.Atseventy,Icouldfollowmyowninclinationswithoutanyofmywordsordeedseverrunningcountertotherules.静夜思（李白）床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。InthestillofthenightIdescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItiltbackmyhead.Iyearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.XuZhongjieQuiteNightThoughtBedsidebrightmoonlight.Issuspecttobefrostonthefloor.Raisingheadtowatchthebrightmoon.Loweringheadtothinkofthehometown.NostalgiaAsplashofwhiteonmybedroomfloor.Hoarfrost?Iraisemyeyestothemoon,thesamemoon.Assceneslongpastcometomymind,myeyefallagainonthesplashofwhite,andmyheartachesformore?7、意译并不是乱译。Itiseasytocompressagas，itisjustamatterofreducingthespacebetweenthemolecules.Likealiquidagashasnoshape，butunlikealiquiditwillexpandandfillanycontaineritisputin.译文:气体是很容易压缩的，这正是压缩分子之间距离的根据。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它的容器。（乱译）改译:气体很容易压缩，那只不过是缩小分子之间的距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它的容器。练习原文(1)Don'tputonairs.(2)Whatisdoneisdone.(3)Kickingamanwhenheisdown.(4)Pullouttheevilbytheroots.译文(1)别摆架子(2)木已成舟(3)打落水狗(4)斩草除根(5)他是只纸老虎。(6)别流鳄鱼泪。(7)应该弥补代沟。(8)这事使他丢脸。(9)如何提高生产力？(7)(Heisapapertiger)(8)(Don'tshedcrocodiletears)(9)(Wemustbridgethegenerationgap)(10)(Thismattermakeshimloseface)(11)(Howtoincreaseproductivity?)练习(1)直译ButIhateSakamoto,andIhadafeelinghe'dsurelyleadusbothtoourancestors.Hi