john_bunyan-h

英国文学EnglishLiterature主讲教师：黄艳梅JohnBunyan约翰·班扬JohnBunyan(1628—1688)Teachingcontents:•1.Life•2.Literaryworks•3.Close-readingofThePilgrim’sProgress•4.Fiction•Iamatapointwithyou:ifIwereoutprisontoday,Iwouldpreachthegospelagaintomorrow,bythehelpofGod.1.Life:(1)poorfamily;(2)parliamentaryarmy;(3)Baptist(基督教)(主张全身浸水的)浸礼教徒)society,preacher;(4)prison,writingthebook.JohnBunyan:aPuritanprosewriter•HisWorks:•1.GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner(writteninprison)•《罪人受恩记》《功德无量》•2.Pilgrim’sProgress(masterpiece)•《天路历程》2.Bunyan’sLiteraryworksJohnBunyan:aPuritanprosewriter3.TheLifeandDeathofMr.Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》4.TheHolyWar《神圣战争》3.Analysis:ThePilgrim’sProgress…amanclothedwithragsstandinginacertainplace,withhisfacefromhisownhouse,abookinhishand,andagreatburdenuponhisback.Ilooked,andsawhimopenthebook,andreadtherein;andasheread,heweptandtrembled;and,notbeingablelongertocontain,hebrakeoutwithalamentablecry,saying,WhatshallIdo?一个人穿着破烂的衣服,站在一个地方,背对着自己的房舍,受礼拿着一本书,背上负着一个沉重的包袱。我正看着，只见他打开书本一边阅读，一边流泪，全身颤抖，后来情不自禁地伤心起来：“我应该做点什么？”基督徒theworldlytroublesandworriestheBibleAnalysis:ThePilgrim’sProgress1.ThePilgrim’sProgressisareligiousallegory.2.Thoughanallegory,itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealpersons.3.Inreality,theCelestialCityinThePilgrim’sProgressisthevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedbyapoortinkerinthe17thcentury,throughaveilofreligiousmist（迷雾）AllegoryAllegoryisafictionalliterarynarrativeorartisticexpressionthatconveysasymbolicmeaningparalleltobutdistinctfrom,andmoreimportantthan,theliteralmeaning.Allegoryhasalsobeendefinedasanextendedmetaphor.Thesymbolicmeaningis‘usuallyexpressedthroughpersonificationsandothersymbols.Relatedformsarethefable(尤指动物为角色的短寓言故事)andtheparable(尤指圣经的寓言故事),whicharedidactic,comparativelyshortandsimpleallegories.Analysis:ThePilgrim’sProgresstheCityofDestruction毁灭城theSloughofDespair绝望泥潭theVanityFair名利场DoubtingCastle怀疑城堡theDelectableMountains快乐山theCelestialCity天国城具有寓意性质的地名具有寓意性质的人名FaithfulMalice怨恨Badman恶人Pickthank拍马SuperstitionEnvyJudgeHate-good恨善法官Truth对当时社会现实生活作了相当广泛的批判性描述Analysis:ThePilgrim’sProgress1.“VanityFair”isaremarkablepassage.2.ItisanepitomeoftheEnglishsocietyaftertheRestoration.3.EverythingcanbesoldorboughtinthisfairandthepersecutionofChristianandFaithfulisdescribed.Analysis:ThePilgrim’sProgress•4.Bunyancherishedadeephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment.•5.Bunyan’sproseisadmirable.•ItispopularspeechennobledbythesolemndignityandsimplicityofthelanguageoftheEnglishBible.JohnBunyan6.SymbolismisanotherfeatureinThePilgrim’sProgress.人生→朝圣者们的艰难历程人→天路的朝圣者基督寻求救赎的朝圣历程→人类摆脱世间烦恼和焦虑、追求美好永恒未来的过程。ThethemePilgrim’sProgressisabitingsatireontheEnglishsocietywithwhichthewriterwasfamiliar.ItrevealsBunyan’sPuritanideal.SpiritualsalvationformankindThecostofsalvationTheroadtosalvationisdifficultandlonelySalvationisattainablebyallwhoseekit.Togrowinholinessisadailybattle,inwhichtherewillbesetbacksandencouragements,butwhichisabattleworthfightingBunyan’slanguage:1.Bunyan’slanguageischieflyplainandcolloquialandquitemodernincomparisonwiththatofthewritersoftheRenaissance.2.Hislanguageisclear,vivid,natural,homely(朴实的),fluent,musicalandpowerful.Bunyan’slanguage:3.Hepavedthewaynotonlyinlanguagestylebutalsoinwritingtechniqueofnovels,forthenovelistsofthe18thcenturyasSwiftandDefoe.Bunyan’slanguage:Weregot:go,come,become,arrive;古代語法：tobe,pastperfect,表示過去完成時。beareth:bearsbawdsGroupDiscussion•TrytocompareandcontrastthePilgrim’sProgressandJourneytotheWestAssignment•Trytofindoutsomeinformationaboutthe18thCentury.•Readthelifeandwork(theFootprint)ofRobinsonCrusoe:4.ElementsofReadingFictionsReadthefollowing:Awomanissittinginherold,shutteredhouse.Sheknowsthatsheisaloneinthewholeworld;everyotherthingisdead.Thedoorbellrings.(ApproachingFictionbyYuanXianjun)A.storyB.proseC.poemD.playWhydoyouthinkitisastory?1)Ittellsussomethingimaginedratherthanreal.2)Ithassomethingtodowithanimageofpeoplewemeetinourdailylife.3)Ithasacharacterandthecharacterdoessomethinginacertainplaceatacertaintime.Suspense,wonder,deepthought:(1)Whorangthebell?(2)Whyisthecharacterawomanratherthanaman?(3)Whyisthehouseoldandshuttered?(4)Whoisrecountingthestory?Plot,character,setting,pointofviewSuspense,wonder,deepthought:(5)Whateffectisproducedbytheword“knows”?(6)Whydoestheauthorselecttheword“dead”inendingtheparagraph?(7)Whydoestheauthorarrangeanotherparagraphwithjustthreewords?Style,themeSuspense,wonder,deepthought:(8)Whatischaracteristicofthewordingandofthesentencestructure?(9)Whatisthemoralsenseofthestory?Style,themeWaysofAnalysisofaLiteraryWorks•Literatureoftenreferstoimaginativeliterature,thatis,thewritermakesfulluseofhisimaginationtorelatethestory,toexpresshisthoughts,emotion,makingthereadersfeelpleasant,simulatedandmoved,andgainingmoreknowledge,enlargingwidervision,andpurifyingfeelings.WaysofAnalysisofaLiteraryWorksLiteraturehasmanyforms.Andfor“genre”体裁,poetry,fictionsanddramaarethemainliteraryforms.Fictionsareeasiertobeacceptedforthelearnersfortheyhavelotsofplots,richlanguageandareclosetolife.Inwriting,fictionsincludedescription,narr