贾正平-专四写作讲座ppt

写作讲座——如何用词——如何用句（一）多样用词——词之转►Almosteverycountryhasitstraditionalcostumesanddresses.Somearecomfortableandsomearedifficulttohandle.BycomfortableImeanadressbeingcomfortableenoughtobeworndailyforyourroutinework.IfwetaketheexampleofPakistan’straditionaldresssalwar-kameez,onecanseethatalthoughitisaverycomfortablenightsuit,wearingitforyourofficework,travellingonamotorbike,oralaborerworkingonaconstructionsite,itgetsquiteuncomfortableanddangerous.Becouseofitsdesign,salwar-kameezcanobstructvariouserrandslikecycling,hikingandespeciallyaftertravelling,thedressbecomesquitemessedupanduntidy.IfyoucomparethistoregularpantsandT-shirts,Ibelievetheyarethebestpieceofclothingtobewornformanydifferentpurposes.作表语介词形式上的宾语分词结构作定语或是修饰语作get的表语1.名词和动名词——主要充当主语、宾语、表语、定语►Companyuniformshelptopromotesenseofteamspirit.►公司的制服有助于加强团队意识。►Learningaforeignlanguageisofgreatsignificancetochildren.►学习一门外语对孩子们是非常重要的。►注意：相当多的考生会写成Learnaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.动词原形是不能作主语的。►Fromthechart,wecanseethatthegreastestchangeisteachers’salary.►从图中我们可以看出最大的变化是教师工资2．动词——主要充当谓语►Travelingcanhelpbroadenourhorizon.►旅游可以开阔我们的视野。►Inmycountry,someprivatecompanieshavesuccessfullyimplementedauniformpolicy.►在我们国家，有些私营公司已经成功地实行了制服制度3.形容词——主要充当定语及表语►Itmightsoundawkwardthatemployeesmustwearacompanyuniform.►员工必须穿制服或许听起来有点别扭。4.副词——充当状语或修饰动词与形容词►Nuclearpowerishighlyeffective.►核能是高效的.►Wemustcarefullydeveloptheuseofnuclearpower.►我们必须谨慎地开发核能。►Idon’tknowwherehelives.5.介词——后接名词、代词、动名词及名词性从句►Weshouldmakejointeffortstocopewiththisproblem.►我们必须共同努力来解决这个问题。►Thereisaheateddebateonwhetherweshouldsendchildrentostudyabroad.►人们激烈讨论该不该送孩子出国求学6.连词——连接句子或名词、代词►Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.►你是否能通过考试就看你有多用功了►IpickedupsomeFrenchwordswhileIwashavingaholidayinParis.►在巴黎度假时我偶然间学会几个法语单词。►Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.►尽管当时他很虚弱，他还是尽力工作。Forexample►Asshowninthepiechart,$200isspentonrentandfoodeachweek,takinguponethirdofthetotalexpenditure.Nextcometheschoolfees,consuming$180,lessthanthefirstby$20aweek.Whenitcomestothefeesonunderground,wefindthatonefifthofthemoneyisallocatedtoit,whichis$120.Intermsofstudymaterials,only$50isgiventothisaspect,accountingforonetwelfthoftheweeklyexpense.Therestofthemoneygoestoentertainmentandclothes,whichare$10and$40respectively.花费：Take,spend,cost,consume,layout,invest被动结构主动结构非谓语结构Be动词（二）准确用词——词之境►(普通）Iagreewiththisopinion.►正式：IvoteforthisviewFrommyperspective,thisopiniondoessoundrational.。►IcanseefromthechartthatthenumberoftouristsfromUSAkeptrisingfrom2003to2007.写作常见同义词归纳总结►1缺陷：disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness2消除：eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway3宣称：allege,assert,declare,claim4培养：：develop,cultivate,foster5优势：advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength6解决:solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle7使迷惑：puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle8重要的：key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative9认为：think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced,befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced10保护：protect,conserve,preserve写作常见同义词归纳总结►11确保：assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge12有害的：bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental13要求：request,demand,needs,requisition14损害：damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize15导致：leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce,generate16因此：so,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,accordingly,asaresult,becauseofthis,asaresultofthis17增长至：growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shootto18降低至：dipto，fallto，declineto，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slumpto，descendto，sinkto，slideto19保持稳定：levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout20急剧地：dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably写作常见同义词归纳总结►21平稳地：steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22达到峰值：reachthetop,reachthehighestpoint,arriveatthepeak,peakat23跌入低谷：droptothebottom,hitthebottom,falltothelowestpoint,hittherock24给与：give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford25发生：happen,occur,takeplace26原因：reason,factor,cause27发展：development,advance,progress28有益的：useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding，advantageous29影响：influence,impact,effect30事实上：practically，inpractice，essentially，inessence，inreality，ineffect，infact，asamatteroffact，itisafactthat写作常见同义词归纳总结►31占：comprise,takeup,accountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,occupy,hold,compose32与…相比：comparedwith，comparedto，incomparisonwith，incomparisonto，bycomparisonwith，bycomparisonto33对比而言：bycontrast，incontrast，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary=，conversely34展示：show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe35大约：approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly36波动：fluctuate，goupanddown，displayafluctuation，demonstrateafluctuation37明显的：clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,