三相异步电动机的启动和故障处理

榆林职业技术学院神木校区2013级毕业设计（论文）三相异步电动机的启动与故障处理年级:13级学号:13050107姓名:王瑞东专业:机电一体化指导老师:赵新凯二零一六年四月榆林职业技术学院神木校区毕业设计（论文）第I页共22页摘要随着世界第二次工业革命的兴起,人类社会进入了电气时代。于是人类进入了一个全新的社会,电气化给人类带来的改变是巨大的,由于电气时代的不断发展和进步,加快了人类进入现代科技信息时代的步伐,在探索和研究人类社会起着重大的作用。电机的发明,正是推动人类社会进步的一个关键。电动机（Motors）是把电能转换成机械能的设备，它是利用通电线圈在磁场中受力转动的现象制成，电动机按使用电源不同分为直流电动机和交流电动机，电力系统中的电动机大部分是交流电机，可以是同步电机或者是异步电机（电机定子磁场转速与转子旋转转速不保持同步）。电动机主要由定子与转子组成。通电导线在磁场中受力运动的方向跟电流方向和磁感线方向有关。电动机工作原理是磁场对电流受力的作用，使电动机转动。电机的使用发展到今天,可以说是遍布世界各地。如果没有电机的发明和使用,世界肯定会落后几十年甚至上百年。因此可以说,电器时代的来临,让人类社会的发展走向了一个崭新的时代。看看当今的世界,大到上百吨的工业军事机器,小到手机的振动器,都与电机的使用密不可分。那么,这么使用密集的电气化产品,在使用过程中三相异步电动机有那些启动方式？当中会发生什么样的故障呢?本文从电机的启动故障说起,简要分析形成故障的原因,并提出正确的解决方法。关键词：电动机；启动方式；故障；解决方法榆林职业技术学院神木校区毕业设计（论文）第II页共22页AbstractWiththedevelopmentofthesecondindustrialrevolution,humansocietyenteredtheageofelectricity.Sohumanhasenteredanewsociety,electrifiedchangetomankindisenormous,duetotheconstantdevelopmentandprogressoftheageofelectricity,acceleratedthepaceofhumanityinmodernscienceandtechnologyintheinformationage,intheexplorationandresearchplaysasignificantroleinhumansociety.Theinventionofthemotor,isoneofthekeyistopromotethehumansocietyprogress.Motor(Motors)arethedevicesthatconvertselectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy,itisusingelectriccoilinthemagneticfieldforcerotatingphenomenon,motorbyusingthepowerdividedintodcmotorandacmotor,electricpowersysteminmostofthemotorisacmotor,canbesynchronousmotororinductionmotor(motorstatormagneticspeedandrotorrotatingspeedisnotsynchronized).Themotorismainlycomposedofstatorandrotor.Directionofmotionofthewireinthemagneticfieldforcehastodowithdirectionofcurrentandmagneticinductionlinedirection.Workingprincipleofthemotorisafunctionofmagneticfieldonthecurrentstress,torotatethemotor.Today,theuseofmotordevelopmentisallovertheworld.Withouttheinventionofthemotoranduse,theworldwillcertainlylagbehinddecadesorevenhundredsofyears.Soitcanbesaidthatthecomingoftheeraofelectricalappliances,thedevelopmentofhumansocietytoanewera.Lookattoday'sworld,bigtohundredsoftonsofindustrialmilitarymachine,smalltocellphonevibrator,iscloselyconnectedwiththeuseofthemotor.So,souseintensiveelectrificationproducts,inuseprocessarethethreephaseasynchronousmotorstartupmode?Whatwillhappeninthefailure?Inthispaper,fromthestartofthemotorfault,thebriefanalysisofcausesofformation,andcorrectsolutionsareputforwardKeywords:Motor;Starttheway;Fault;Thesolution榆林职业技术学院神木校区毕业设计（论文）第III页共22页目录摘要................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1本论文的背景和意义...........................................................................................11.2本论文的主要方法和研究进展...........................................................................11.3本论文的主要内容...............................................................................................21.4本论文的结构安排...............................................................................................2第2章三相异步电动机的组成介绍...............................................................................42.1定子.........................................................................................................................42.2转子.........................................................................................................................52.3三相异步电动机的其他附件.................................................................................5第3章异步电动机的几种启动方式及原理...................................................................63.1直接启动.................................................................................................................63.2电阻或电抗器降压启动.........................................................................................63.3Y－△降压启动.......................................................................................................63.4自耦变压器降压启动.............................................................................................73.5延边三角形启动.....................................................................................................83.6晶闸管软启动器.....................................................................................................8第4章电动机常见故障及解决方法...............................................................................84.1机械故障.................................................................................................................84.2电气故障.................................................................................................................94.3故障原因及处理方法...........................................................................................10结论.............................................................................................................................14致谢.........................................