人教版高中英语语法 The Attributive Clause

12Thepersonwho/thathelpedmewasastranger.Thepenthat/whichhechosewasveryexpensive.EverythingthatIdoseemstobewrong..Everyonethatknowsherlikesher.Thebookthat/whichIwantisonthetopshelf.Thecarwhich/thatknockedhimdowndidnotstop.3句子类型简单句并列句复合句含有主句从句名词性从句副词性从句形容词性从句4名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句副词性从句：状语从句形容词性从句：定语从句5定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的主谓结构，由关系词引导，位于先行词之后。可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句关系代词关系副词6关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语（which,that,who,whom,whose）。关系副词：在从句中作状语（when,where,why）。7Generalusesoftherelativewords（关系词的基本用法）◆Relativepronouns关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose◆Relativeadverbs关系副词usedforthingsoranimalsusedforpersonswhen:where:why:usedfortimeasanadverbialintheclauseusedforplacesasanadverbialintheclauseusedaftertheword“reason”8e.g.Thewomanwho/thatsitsnexttomymotherteachesusmathematics.Thosearenotthegirls（whom）Isawyesterday.Shewasverypleasedwiththepresent（that/which）heboughther.Thisisthebookthatwasgiventome.Shecomplainedtothemanwhosedoghadbittenher.Iwanttospeaktothemanwhosecarwasparkedoutsidemyhouseallday.Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.91.Thetreewasverytall.Heclimbedit.2.Helookedforthegirl.Shewassellingtickets.3.Thisismybrother.HeisgoingtoIndia.4.Theboyismyfriend.Hispictureisinthenewspaper.Thetreethat/whichheclimbedwasverytall.Helookedforthegirlwhowassellingtickets.ThisismybrotherwhoisgoingtoIndia.Theboywhosepictureisinthenewspaperismyfriend.Practice:Jointhetwosentencestogether10TheRestrictiveAttributiveClauseandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause(限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)Arestrictiveattributiveclausetellsuswhichparticularthingorpersonismeant.Intheaboveexamplestherestrictiveattributiveclausesanswerthequestions:Whichperson?Whichpen?Whichman?Thepersonwho/thathelpedmewasastranger.Thepen(that)hechosewasveryexpensive.Theman(that/whom)theyelectedwasverypopular.◆Restrictiveattributiveclauses11Note:(i)Theseclausesarenotmarkedoffbycommas.(ii)Inthefirstexamplewhoorthatmaybeused.(iii)Inthelasttwoexamplesthatorwhommaybeleftout.12◆Non-restrictiveattributiveclausesMyeldestbrother,whoisseventeen,hasleftschool.ThelettertoMary,whichIpostedamonthago,hasstillnotarrived.John,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.MyauntHelen,whosecatiscalledTabitha,keepsmanypets.Non-restrictiveattributiveclausedonotanswerthequestion:“Whichone?”.Wealreadyknowwhichpersonorthingismeant.Non-restrictiveAttributiveClausesimplyaddinformation.13Noticethatinnon-restrictiveattributiveclause:(i)Whichisusedratherthanthat.(ii)Which,whoandwhomareneveromitted.(iii)Whomisusedastheobjectofanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.(iv)Usuallycommasareplacedbeforeandafternon-restrictiveattributiveclause.14关系副词：在从句中作状语（when,where,why）。when:where:why:usedfortimeasanadverbialintheclauseusedforplacesasanadverbialintheclauseusedaftertheword“reason”e.g.Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?Theymetatthetimewhentheywerebothworkingforthesamecompany.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenyoufirstcametotheschool?Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasthathewassick.15Kunmingisabeautifulcitywhereflowersareseenalltheyearround.1.Kunmingisabeautifulcity.Flowersareseenalltheyearround.Practice:Jointhetwosentencestogether.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIwenttomeetyouattheairport.2.Iwillneverforgettheday.Iwenttomeetyouattheairportontheday.ThereasonwhySpielbergcouldnotgototheFilmAcademywasthathisgradesweretoolow.3.SpielbergcouldnotgototheFilmAcademy.Itwasbecausehisgradesweretoolow.16关系代词做介词的宾语Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition,wehavetwochoices.PlacingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformalThewomanwho/whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress.ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisaactress.Thecarwhich/thatmybrotherwassittinginwasbarelytouchedbuttheothercarwasbadlydamaged.Thecarinwhichmybrotherwassittingwasbarelytouchedbuttheothercarwasbadlydamaged.17Practice:Jointhetwosentencetogether.1.Thisbookisaboutthetime.LincolnwasPresidentthen.2.Thisisthehouse.Edisonwasborninthehouse.3.Theschoolisstillstanding.Marxlearnttoreadandwritethere.4.Thereweremanypoorpeopleinthetown.Johngrewupinthetown.5.Lincolnhadverylittlefreetime.Hecouldstudythen.6.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse.Thegreatwriterusedtoliveinthehouse.ThisbookisaboutthetimewhenLincolnwasPresident.ThisisthehousewhereEdisonwasborn.TheschoolwhereMarxlearnttoreadandwriteisstillstanding.ThereweremanypoorpeopleinthetownwhereJohngrewup.Lincolnhadverylittlefreetimewhenhecouldstudy.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehousewherethegreatwriterusedtolive.18ExercisesforAttributiveClause1.Fillintherelativeblanketsusingtherelativepronouns,relativeadverbsorpreposition+relativepronoun.California,________officialnicknameistheGoldenState,isoneofthefastestgrowingstatesintheUnitedStates.Thefirstpeople_______exploredandsettledCaliforniaweretheSpaniards,________gaveSpanishnamestoitstwogreatcities,LosAngelesandSanFrancisco.1849wastheyear________Americanscameandsowasitthetime________goldwasdiscovered.Thereason________themen________mademoviescametoCaliforniawasthattheweatherhereisfine.Thesunallowedthemtotakepicturesoutdoorsnearlyeverydayintheyear.Hollywood,________liesinthenorthwesternpartofthecityofLosAngles