哈佛大学幸福课第十四课中英文讲义

ArtificialIntelligenceInMarch,Google’sAIAlphaGodefeatedLeeSedol,amasterGoplayer.Thisisalandmarkmomentforartificialintelligence.AIisforelandofresearchfieldofcomputerscience.Itcombinesartificialityandintelligence.Mostimportantly,Comperewithbrain,AIisfasterandmoreaccurate.Today,itreallybecomeanextensionofthehumanbrain.AlanMathisonTuringwasanEnglishcomputerscientist,mathematician,logician,cryptanalystandtheoreticalbiologist.Hewashighlyinfluentialinthedevelopmentoftheoreticalcomputerscience.Aroundthe1940s,AlanTuring'stheoryofcomputationsuggestedthatamachine,byshufflingsymbolsassimpleas0and1,couldsimulateanyimaginableactofmathematicaldeduction.Thisledresearcherstoconsiderthepossibilityofbuildinganelectronicbrain.In1956,theAmericanscholarMcCarthywhoisconsideredthefatherofAIorganizedasociety,manyexpertsandscholarsgatheredtogetherforadiscussionofuptotwomonths.Invitingthemtoparticipateinthe“SummerDartmouthArtificialIntelligenceResearchSociety”.Sincethen,thisfieldiscalled“artificialintelligence”.Fromthattime,AIhasenteredafaststageofdevelopment.Now,AIcanbeseenineverywhere.SystemthatthinklikehumansTheexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinks…machinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense.(Haugeland1985)SystemthatthinkrationallyThestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels.(Charniaketal.1985)SystemthatactlikehumansTheartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople.(Kurzweil1990)SystemthatactrationallyAfieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses.(Schalkol1990)ExpertsystemNeuralnetworksGeneticAlgorithmFuzzyReasoning…AIMathematicsComputerScience&EngineeringBiologyEconomicsPsychologyPhilosophyCognitiveScience…RobotsFacerecognitionIntelligentcontrolAndsoon…WeshouldrevereAIinsteadofbeingthreatened.Inthefuture,humanswillcooperatewithAItofinishwork.It‘llpromotethedevelopmentofsocietymoreandmorequickly.Thanksforyourlistening!