人教新课标选修7unit3语法课件

Unit3UndertheSeaRevisionofThepassiveing-formLearningaboutLanguage(一)现在分词（ing-形式）的构成V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone(二)现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。1.作定语现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:Thisisapressingquestion.这是一个紧迫的问题。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.(1)表示时间Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Walkingalongthestreet,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.2.现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语)强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.WhilewatchingTVintheroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathethoughttobeameteorite.Whencrossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.也可加上介词on或in来替代when和while(2)表示原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.Knowingthathewastired,Itoldhimtohavearest.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyield（平均产量）by40percent.Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn'ttriedherbest.(5)表示结果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend连续地,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.完成形式现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Thedelegates,havingfulfilledtheirmission,arrivedbackinShanghai.Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadannovel.Nothavingdonetheworkwell,wedecidedtotryagain.Nothavingreceivedareply,hewenttherehimself.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：Hiscomradeshavingallleftforthefront,hedidn’twanttostayintherear.现在分词的被动形式1．动词-ing的被动式的构成(1)一般被动式：being+过去分词(2)完成被动式：havingbeen+过去分词2．动词-ing的被动式的用法(1)动词-ing的一般被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系；作主语和宾语时无固定的时态意义，作定语和补足语时表示正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。(2)动词-ing的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系，也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。(1)作主语Beingofferedsuchajobwasgoodluck．被给予这样一份工作是好运气。Beingkilledintrafficaccidentsisacommonoccurrence．交通事故导致死亡是常有的事。BeingselectedChairmanofthepartymadehimfeelproud．被选为主席，他很自豪。3．动词-ing的被动式的句法功能(2)作宾语①Hedislikesbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment．他不喜欢在做实验时被人打扰。②Theycouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat．他们不能忍受别人那样对待他们。③Shedoesn’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad．她不记得曾给过她出国的机会。④Hecameinwithoutbeingasked．没有让他进来,他就进来了。⑤Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome．他害怕被留在家里。⑥Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam．我听说他被选为该队的教练了。⑦Someofourcustomerscomplainedofhavingbeentreatedrudely．我们的一些顾客抱怨受到粗鲁的对待。注意：在want，need，deserve，require，等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobedone。如：Thehousewantscleaning．这房屋需要打扫。Mywatchneedsrepairing．我的手表需要修理。Thewaydeservesmentioning．这个方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully．这些小树需要细心照顾。Thefilmisworthseeing．这部影片值得一看。(3)作定语Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory．Thequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportance．Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.(4)作宾语补足语①Ioftenwatchthetrucksbeingloadedwithcoal．②Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice．③Onecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthere．④You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.⑤Asweenteredthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.(5)作状语⑴Havingbeenwarnedabouttyphoon，thefishermensailedforthenearestharbour．听到台风警报，渔民们便驾船向最近的港口驶去。⑵Havingbeenaskedtostay，Icouldn'tverywellleave．人家请我留下，我就不好意思离开了。⑶Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance，howcouldyouletitslipaway?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过?⑷Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.⑸Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Thejobdone,wewenthome.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher.1．______thatitwasgoingtosnow，theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestmountain．A．HavingtoldB．HavingbeentoldC．TobetoldD．Tohavetolding-形式精练B2．Iheardtheterriblesoundof________lastnight．A．thedoor'sshuttingB．thedoorbeingshuttingC．thedoorwasbeingshutD．thedoorbeingshut3．Thebuilding_______nowwillbeahospital．A．bebuiltB．tobebuiltC．beingbuiltD．beingbuildingDCCDB4．_______formonths，theroomisverydirty．A．Wehaven'tcleanitB．HavingnotcleanedC．NothavingbeencleanedD．Havingnotbeencleaned5．--Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?--It'sveryniceofyou．Iappreciated______totheparty．A．tobeinvitedB．tohavebeeninvitedC．beinginvitedD．havingbeeninvited6．_________notverypopularwithallitsmembers，hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee．A．TobeconsideredB．BeingconsideredC.ConsideringD．Havingconsidered7.Thebuilding______willbecompletedinamonth．Itwillbeourlabbuilding．A．being