so-that-such-that-too-to-enough

so…that,too…to和enoughtoso…that,too…to和enoughto都是初中英语教材中的重要结构，在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。先请看下面两道中考试题：1.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heis____________________that____________________gotoschool.2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn’ttakecareofherbaby.Shewas__________weak__________takecareofherbaby.（答案：1.soold;hecan2.too;to）那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢？一、so…that与too…to的转换当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时，so…that可转换为too…to结构；若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时，so…that可转换为too…forsbto结构。例如：Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.＝Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.＝Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry二、so…that与enoughto的转换1.当that引导的从句为肯定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enoughto结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enoughforsbto结构。例如：XiaoLinissooldthathecangotoschool.＝XiaoLinisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.＝Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.2.当that引导的从句为否定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enoughto的否定结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enoughforsbto的否定结构。同时要注意，转换后的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。例如：Themanissooldthathecan’tgotowork.＝Themanisn’tyoungenoughtogotowork.ThedeskissoheavythatIcan’tmoveit.＝Thedeskisn’tlightenoughformetomove.三、enoughto的句式为否定式时，enoughto可以转换为too…to结构。转换后的too…to结构中的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。例如：Heisnotoldenoughtodothework.＝Heistooyoungtodothework.Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.＝Theproblemisn’teasyenoughformetoworkout.so与such用法都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。1.so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。so的词序为：so+adj.+a（an）+n.such的词序为：such+a（an）+adj.+n.它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。soniceacoat=suchanicecoat这么漂亮的一件外套sointerestingabook=suchaninterestingbook那么有趣的一本书补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如：suchbeautifulflowers这么美丽的花suchcleverchildren如此聪明的孩子但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little等表示数量的词修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。如：somanybooks这么多书sofewpeople这么少的人somuchmoney那么多的钱solittlemilk那么少的牛奶需要提醒的是，little还可作为“小”的意思，这个时候仍然用such。Ihaveneverseensuchlittlesheepbefore.2.和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为：so+adj.（adv.）+that…so+adj.+a（an）+单数n.+that…so+many（few）+复数n.+that…so+much（little）+不可数n.+that…如：ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。Hespokesofastthatwecouldn‘tunderstandhim.他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.天气很热，谁都不想干活。Thereweresomanypeoplethatwecouldhardlymoveon.这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。“such…that…”句型结构为：such+a（an）+adj.+单数n.+that…such+adj.+复数n.+that…such+adj.+不可数n.+that…Sheissuchaprettygirlthateveryonelikesher.她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。TheyaresuchdeliciouscakesthatIwanttoeatanothertwo.这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。Itissuchsweetmilkthatweallwanttodrinkit.这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。补给站：由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.可改写成：ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIhavereaditthreetimes.Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.可改写成：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.4.当so…that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，可与be…enoughtodo替换；当为否定句时，可与too…to…或benot+该形容词的反义词enoughtodo替换。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.3.so与that可以直接构成词组“sothat”，引导目的状语从句，表示“以便、”的意思。从句中常用can/could/will/should等情态动词。如：Heworkedhardsothathecouldpasstheexams.为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但such没有这种用法）练习()1.Shewas____welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone’sattentionattheparty.A.soB.quiteC.tooD.very()2.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wildC.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly（失去控制地）()3.Itwas_________musicthatIlostmyselfinit.A.suchabeautifulB.sobeautifulaC.sobeautifulD.suchbeautiful()4.Wearrived______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.A.muchB.tooC.soD.very()5.Ilikethepopstar_______thatInevermisshisconcert.A.verymuchB.toomuchC.quitemuchD.somuch()6.Themusicinthesupermarketsoundedso______thatIwantedtoleaveatonce.A.softB.wonderfulC.friendlyD.noisy()7.Curingsickpeopleis_______important_______doctorsmustbecareful.A.too;toB.so;thatC.enough;toD.such;that()8.Thequestionis_______thatnobodycananswerit.A.veryhardB.toodifficultC.strangeenoughD.sostrange()9.Thatfilmwasso_______thatmostoftheaudience(观众)keptscreaminginfear（惊恐地）whilewatchingitlastnight.A.excitingB.frighteningC.boringD.amazing()10.Thisis_______difficultproblemthatfewstudentscanworkitout.A.soB.soaC.suchD.sucha()11.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone_______animportantjob_______thepatientsareallgratefultothem.n.奥比斯（一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构），orbis在拉丁文中有“眼睛”的意思。A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.as;as