丹麦养猪营养需要标准(英文版,第27版,2018年4月)

1NUTRIENTREQUIREMENTSTANDARDSThisisthe27theditionoftheDanishnutrientstandards.INSTITUTION:SEGESPIGRESEARCHCENTREAUTHORS:PERTYBIRK,NIELSMORTENSLOTH,NIELSKJELDSENANDLISBETHSHOOTERUPDATED:APRIL2018TheDanishfeedevaluationsystemTheDanishfeedevaluationsystem,revisedin2002,isbasedonthephysiologicalenergyvalueofnutrientsandonthestandardiseddigestibilityofthesenutrients.In2002,theoldfeedunitwasreplacedbytwonewfeedunits:FUgp(feedunitsforweaners,growersandfinishers)andFUsow(feedunitsforsows).Inpractice,energyevaluationinDenmarkisbasedon:1.Chemicalanalysesofwater,ash,crudeproteinandcrudefat2.Invitrodigestibilitiesatileallevelandfaecallevel3.Energyvaluesofnutrientsbasedonpotentialphysiologicalvalues.Theproteinevaluationsystemisbasedonthestandardisedilealdigestibilityofeachaminoacid.Energycontentperkgdietofanormalcompletediet:FeedunitMJMEMJNEMJphysiologicalenergyLactationdiets1.06FUsow13.39.67.9Gestationdiets0.99FUsow12.68.87.4Weanerdiets,6-9kg1.18FUgp14.410.58.7Weanerdiets,9-30kg1.17FUgp14.110.48.6Finisherdiets,30-100kg1.07FUgp13.49.67.92AminoacidsThestandardsforaminoacidsareshowninTables1-4.Notethatasafetymarginisnotincluded.Thestandardsforweaners,growersandfinishersarebasedonadlibitumfeedingoronapproximateadlibitumfeeding.Standardsforlactatingsowsareadaptedtoprolificsowswithaminimumfeedintakeof7FUsowinpeaklactation(d12-28).Standardsforgiltsarebasedonrestrictedfeedingandthegoalisthatgiltsbeinseminatedintheirsecondheatwhentheyareapprox.8monthsoldandweighapprox.135-150kg.Boars’aminoacidrequirementforspermproductioniscoverediftheyarefedaccordingtothestandardsforgestatingsows.Thestandardsarebasedonaneconomicallyoptimumstandard,asastandardformaximumproductivitywouldincreasefeedcostsmorethancanbecoveredbyproductivityimprovements.Forgilts,thestandardsarebasedonadesiretoreachamaximumdailygainofapprox.725gtoachievetheabovegoal.Tables1,2,3and4showtheminimumcrudeproteincontentinpigfeed.Aminimumcontentservesasaguaranteeagainstinaccuraciesinfeedformulation.Table1furthermoreprovidesthelimitformaximumdigestibleproteininweanerfeedtoensurethatonlytheamountproteinnecessaryisusedashighproteinlevelsmayincreasetheriskofdiarrhoeaoutbreaks.Table1.Aminoacidstandardsforweaners,gdigestibleperfeedunit(FUgp).Interval,kg6-9kg9-15kg9-30kg15-30kg%oflysine*Lysine10.610.610.610.6100**Methionine3.43.43.43.432Methionine+Cystine5.75.75.75.754Threonine6.56.56.56.561Tryptophan2.22.22.22.221**Isoleucine5.65.65.65.653Leucine10.610.610.610.6100Histidine3.43.43.43.432Phenylalanine5.75.75.75.754Phenylalanine+tyrosin10.610.610.610.6100Valine7.17.17.17.167Crudeprotein,minimum140140141143-Crudeprotein,maximum152152155157-*Itmustbeensuredthatthecompositionofidealproteinismetiflysinelevels/weightintervalsdifferfromthoseinthetable.**Theaminoacidstandardspresentthelevelthat,undernormalpriceconditions,guaranteesmaximumgrossmargininherdswithnormal,healthypigs.Researchdemonstratesthatmaximumproductivityisobtainedbyincreasingthelysinestandardbyapprox.7-10%(correspondingto11.8(6-9kg)and11.6(9-30kg)gstandardiseddigestiblelysine,respectively,perfeedunitincludingtheaboveprofileforallessentialaminoacids).ThisisexpectedtoimproveFCRanddailygainby1-2%.Researchalsodemonstratesthatmaximumproductivityisobtainedwhenthetryptophanstandardisincreasedfromthecurrentapprox.21%to22%ofthelysinestandardcorrespondingtoapprox.0.21gdigestibletryptophanmorethanstatedinthetable.3Table2.Aminoacidstandardsforgrowersandfinishers,gdigestibleperfeedunit(FUgp).Interval,kg20-4530-4530-5530-11045-11055-11065-11075-110%oflysine*45-6555-75Lysine9.48.88.57.77.47.27.06.9100Methionine2.82.72.62.32.22.22.12.130Met+Cys5.35.04.94.54.44.34.24.256-61Threonine5.95.65.55.14.94.84.74.663-67Tryptophan1.881.761.701.541.481.441.401.3820Isoleucine5.04.74.54.13.93.83.73.753Leucine9.48.88.57.77.47.27.06.9100Histidine3.02.82.72.52.42.32.22.232Phenylalanine5.14.84.64.24.03.93.83.754Phen+tyrosine9.48.88.57.77.47.27.06.9100Valine6.35.95.75.25.04.94.74.767Crudeprotein,minimum140130127120115112109108-*ThestandardsinthistableapplytoFCRperkggainintheperiod30-110kgabove2.75FUgpperkggain.Pigproducerswithfeedconversionratiosbetween2.66and2.75FUgpperkggainintheperiod30-110kgarerecommendedtoraisethestandardforallaminoacidsforallweightintervalsby3.9%.Pigproducerswithafeedconversionratiobetween2.56-2.65FUgpperkggainarerecommendedtoraisethestandardsby7.8%forallaminoacids.Pigproducerswithafeedconversionratiobelow2.56FUgpperkggainarerecommendedtoraisethestandardsby11.7%forallaminoacids.Pigproducerswithspecialisedproductionunitswithfocusonahighleanmeat%,egproductionfortheBritishmarkets,arerecommendedtoincreasethecontentofdigestiblelysineby0.3gandthecontentofcrudeproteinby8gperFUgpforalldietsuseduntilslaughter,butnotfordietsforpigsbelow65kgifphasefeedingisapplied.Seetable2aforexamplesofstandardsunderdifferentFCRandpigpricemodels.**Itisrecommendedtoapplythestandardsandprofile(%oflysine)thatmatchtheweightintervalinquestion.Table2a.Standardsfrom30to110kgdependingonFCRandproductionfortheBritishmarket,gdigestibleperfeedunit(FUgp)andincludinganexamp