高中英语语法句型全覆盖高考最全语法知识

高中英语语法句子成分•主要句子成分：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）•次要句子成分：定语（attribute)、状语(adverbial)宾语补足语（objectcomplement）。•主语和谓语是句子成立的充分且必要的条件，两者缺一不可。主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！•1)Mr.Wangisawell-knownscientist.•2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.•3)Twoandtenistwelve.•4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.•5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.•6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。它可以是单个的实义动词，也可以是复合谓语。即：情态动词/助动词＋实义动词be动词＋表语•1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.•2)Hisfatherisanengineer.Hecanrunthenewmachine•3)Sheseemedhappy.•4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.•Buthedidn’tgivemeanyphotos.宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.也可以是介词之后的名词或代词。•1)IdderWanglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.•2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.•3)Howmanypiecesdoyouwant?•4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.•5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?•6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.•1)Themanagerleftherwaitingintheoffice.•2)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.•3)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.•4)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.•5)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.•6)Weallcallhim“anIronMan”非谓语动词作宾补时，与宾语存在着逻辑上的主语与谓语关系。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等作宾补时，与宾语存在着逻辑上的主语与表语的关系。•名词/代词宾格+名词Thewarmadehimasoldier.•/战争使他成为一名战士.•名词/代词宾格+形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.•/新方法使这项工作变得轻松.•名词/代词宾格+介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork./我经常发现他在工作.•名词/代词宾格+动词不定式Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.•名词/代词宾格+分词Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.•/我看见一只猫跑过了马路.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。•1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.•2)Heisalwayscareless.•3)Thebasketballmatchison.•4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.•5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.•6)HisworkisteachingFrench.•7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。•Tomisahandsomeboy.•Thetwoboysarestudents.•HisboyneedsTom'spen.•Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.•Theboyneedsaballpen.•ThebestboyhereisTom.•Thereisnothingtodotoday.•Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.•ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。•定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。•形容词作定语：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen./小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy./有个乖男孩。•数词作定语相当于形容词：Twoboysneedtwopens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。Thetwoboysarestudents./这两个男孩是学生。Therearetwoboysintheroom./房间里有两个男孩。•代词或名词所有格作定语：HisboyneedsTom'spen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。HisnameisTom./他的名字是汤姆。TherearetwoboysofTomsthere./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。•介词短语作定语：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。TheboyinblueisTom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。•名词作定语：Theboyneedsaballpen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。•副词作定语：Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。•不定式作定语：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。TheboytowritethisletterisTom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。Thereisnothingtodotoday./今天无事要做。•分词（短语）作定语：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina./她买的笔是中国产的。Therearefiveboysleft./有五个留下的男孩。•定语从句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。TheboyyouwillknowisTom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame./参加游戏的男孩有五个。两个以上的单词（副词除外）作定语时，应注意它们的先后排列顺序。一般规则是，与被修饰词关系较密切的词最靠近名词。一般顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格）＋序数词＋基数词＋描述性形容词（短词在前，长词在后）＋大小、长短、形状（large,long,round,narrow)＋新旧、年龄、程度（new,old,young,hot,cool)＋颜色＋国籍＋材料＋中心词。e.g.ayoungChinesewriteracleverlittlegirlagreatmodernsocialistcountryMultiplechoice•Hedroppedthe_____andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.cupforcoffeeC.coffee’scupD.coffeecup2.Therearefivepairsofshoes______,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing3.----howwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?----itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe_____daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast4.The_______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’sshop5.IfIhad_____,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough6.I’llikeyoutogiveme_____toread.A.differentnothingB.somethingdifferentC.differentanythingD.anythingdifferent7.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace_____justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what8.____totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave9.----Look!Mynameisonthebag.----Yes.Ithinkthisisthesamebag_____youlostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.likeD.who10.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained11.Thedoctor_____Ishouldhaveagoodrestwasgoingabroadforfurthereducation.A.tobesuggestedB.whosuggestedC.beingsuggestedD.suggesting12.----Whoisthemantalkingtotheheadmaster?----Aprofessor_____avisittoourschool.A.payingB.ispayingC.paidD.pays13.Ifthework_____bytheendofmonthisdelayedtheconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.hav