高中英语语法复习――虚拟语气研究

if引导的虚拟条件句（一)If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.反馈训练6Page1921.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形非真实条件句的虚拟混合条件句的虚拟虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达1.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you___abletofinishtheworknow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.haddoneD.wasgoingto2.Ifhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm,__.A.hewillbealivenow.B.hewouldbealivenow.C.hewouldhavebeenalivenow.D.hewouldhavelivednowAB省略if的条件句的倒装：如果if条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以将if省去，并把Were/Should/Had提到句首WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:1.条件暗含在短语中。如：without,butfor,incaseof.etcIhavebeensosuccessfulwithoutyourhelp.Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.2.条件暗含在上下文中.如：or,otherwiseIwasverybusyyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.3.条件用其他形式来表示Ifonly,suppose/supposing/providing….Supposeyouwereinmyshoes,whatshouldyoudoIfonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!反馈训练7Page193虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用请求，要求，命令，建议Should+动词原型Insist坚持order,command命令advise,suggest,propose,recommend建议demand,require,request,desire要求It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.HeinsistedthatJohn(should)doit.ItisnecessarythatweshouldgeteverythingReadybytheendoftheweek注意:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”;insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wishthat2.asif/asthough3.wouldratherthat4.It’s(about/high)timethat1.wishthat现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)would/could+动词原形(将来)Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachD2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.would+动词原形(将来)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Itlooksasifyouaretired.3.It’s(high)timethatdid/wereShould+动词原形It’stimeweworkedhard.It’shightimethatwestarted.1.It’shightimethatwe_____toschool.A.wouldB.wentC.goD.willgo2.It’stimewe______upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsumBB4.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.leftI’dratheryou____methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didn’ttellD.hadn’ttold注意:在主语＋would(had)rather＋that宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我宁愿不再见着你。I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他们和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读，古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识，培养逻辑思维能力；通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平，培养文学情趣；通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操，给我们巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我们前进。