定语从句复习课件

定语从句（TheAttributiveClause)什么叫定语？修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句叫做定语。Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout..Hisjobistotrainswimmers.Peelthreebananas.What’syourname,please?定语从句：在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。Eg:Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。Eg:Aplaneisamachinethatcanflyinthesky.飞机是一种可以在天上飞的机器。JayisapopularsingerinTaiwanwhoisfamousforrapmusic.周杰伦是一个在台湾以说唱乐闻名的著名歌手。关系代词：引导从句，并在句中充当一定的语法成分（主语、宾语、定语）。1.Themanwho/thatspoketotheheadmasterisourphysicsteacher.2.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wemetattheschoolgateisWeiFang’smother.3.Thehousewhich/thatisbeingbuilttherebelongstoMrBill.4.Thisisthefamousdoctorwhosedaughterteachesinourschool.在从句中的作用：修饰功能只修饰人只修饰物修饰人或物主语宾语定语whom(口语中可用who,可省略）whichthatwhowhich(可省略）that(可省略）whose（或ofwhom)whose（或ofwhich）1）用that而不用which的情况：①当先行词为不定代词all,little,few,much，none,anything,nothing,everything等时；②当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,thefew,theonly修饰时；③当先行词被some,any,no,every等词修饰；④当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时；⑤当主句是以which或who引导的特殊疑问句时；⑥当引导词在从句中作表语时。that与which的区别：1.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.（没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。）2.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.（在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。）3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.（这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。）4.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.（史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。）2）用which而不用that的情况：①介词后；②非限制性定语从句eg:Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.(这是父亲去年居住过的房子。)Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.(他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。)1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who:1.当先行词为those,one,anyone,nobody等不定代词时。TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.2.先行词为therebe结构的主语时。Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.用who还是that?关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词when,where,why等，它们放在先行词后面起引导作用，在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。注意关系副词可以改写为“介词+which”引导定语从句。1.Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhen/onwhichwemetforthefirsttime?2.Isthisthevillagewhere/inwhichthefamousscientistwasborn?3.Shedidn’tgivethereasonwhy/forwhichshewaslateforschoolagain.4.Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedatthemeetingisacollegestudent.关系代词和关系副词的选择先行词是表时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词的选择可根据：1.分析句子成分。表时间、地点或原因的词或短语如果在定语从句中作状语，就要用关系副词。如果是作主语、宾语、表语，就要用关系代词。a.Meetingmyuncleafterpartingforsomanyyearsisanunforgettablemoment,whichIwillalwaystreasure.b.Meetingmyuncleafterpartingforsomanyyearsisanunforgettablemoment,when/atwhichallofuscriedandhuggedeachother.2.如果定语从句中的动词是及物动词或及物动词短语，但后面没带宾语，就要用关系代词which或that。如果是不及物动词或不及物动词短语，就要用关系副词when,where,why。a.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedwhenhewasyoung.b.Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.c.We’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespentinthecountryside.d.We’llneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedinthecountryside.限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句1.Maryisourmonitor,whoisveryfriendlytous.2.ThestudentswenttovisitMissYang,whomtheyrespectgreatly.3.ThefilmKingkong,whichIsawthreetimes,iswellworthseeing.4.Thechild,whosedogdiedyesterday,isstillverydepressed.5.Theywenttothepark,wheretheysawmanyflowers.6.Thishouse,forwhichhepaid150000,isnowworth300000.7.Hewasn’tlisteningtome,whichmademeangry.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可或缺的一部分，如果省去，主句意义不完整。对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况，起补充说明作用，即使省去，主句意义仍完整。形式一般紧跟先行词，主句和从句不用______隔开。主句和从句之间有_____隔开。功能修饰先行词既可修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句或者主句的部分内容。关系代词关系副词限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句逗号逗号which,who,whom,thatwhich,who,whomwhen,where,whywhen,where注意：1.that和why不可以用于引导非限制性定语从句，要用which代替that，forwhich代替why.2.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但是在非限制性定语从句中做宾语时不可以用who来代替。3.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，但是在非限制性定语从句中，所有的关系词不可省略。4.在翻译的时候，限制性定语从句先翻译从句，后翻译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。在非限制性定语从句中，先翻译先行词，再翻译从句，形成两个并列句。Shehasanelderbrotherwhoworksinhospital.她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。Shehasanelderbrother,whoworksinhospital.她有一个哥哥，他在医院工作。Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassedtheexam.Allthestudents,whostudyhard,havepassedtheexam.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句相同点：as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as和which在从句中作主语宾语时，两者可互换。eg:Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.不同点：1.as引导的从句可位于句首，插在主句中或主句后，而which引导的从句只能位于主句后。(1).Thesunisbiggerthantheearth,______________isknowntoeveryone.(2)_________isknowntoall,thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.(3)Thesun,__________isknowntoall,isbiggerthanthemoon.as/whichAsas2.as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动语态，which在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式。eg:Shehasbeenlateagain,___________wasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,_________madeushappy.aswhich3.as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的从句不受此限制。eg:Shehasmarriedagain,________wasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,_________wasunexpected.as/whichwhich4..as常用在一些固定结构中：asweknow/asisknowntoall众所周知asweallcansee正如我们大家都能看到的那样ashasbeenpointedout正如所指出的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如前文所述1.Herearemyneighbors_______homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople________wereasleep.3.Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersintheopenairmadewithanything________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings______________hadbeendamagedwererepaired.whosewhothat/省略which/that5.