Lesson_2Marrakech

Unit2MarrakechbyGeorgeOrwellTeachingAimsToknowthewritingtechniquesofexpositionTolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting,esp.theuseofexamplesToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesTeachingPlanBackgroundinformationWritingstyleandtechniquesComprehensionquestionsAppreciationoftheessayLanguagepointsParagraphanalysis1.BackgroundKnowledgeGeorgeOrwellMoroccoMarrakechGeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwell(Information?)GeorgeOrwell(pseudonymorpenname)EricArthurBlair(1903–1950)BritishnovelistandessayistBestknownforhisjournalismBorninIndia,servingtheBritishgovernmentabroadGeorgeOrwellHetravelledwidely.Marrakechisoneoftheplaceshetravelledto.Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardcolonialism,totalitarianism(极权主义)andimperialism.Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.GeorgeOrwellOrwellwasfamousforhispoliticalsatires.Hewasanuncompromising(不屈的)individualistandpoliticalidealist.Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarian(极权主义)regimes.GeorgeOrwell(Hisworks)AnimalFarmNineteenEighty-fourHomagetoCataloniaDownandOutinParisandLondonBurmeseDaysAClergyman'sdaughterComingUpforAirGeorgeOrwellOrwellisbestrememberedtodayfortwoofhisnovelsormasterpieces.AnimalFarm(1945)NineteenEighty-four(1949)AnimalFarmapoliticalfableinwhicheachanimalrepresentsacertainhumancharacterAnimalFarmAnimalFarm一、动物会议二、动物们的革命三、七戒AnimalFarm四、牛棚之役五、风车计划六、破戒AnimalFarm七、行刑八、我们的胜利九、拳师之死十、究竟谁是猪，谁是人AnimalFarmNineteenEighty-FourGeorgeOrwell’s“NineteenEighty-Four”hashadaprofoundeffectuponthewaypeoplethoughtduringthemid20thcentury.InNineteenEighty-FourOrwelldrawsapictureofatotalitarianfuture.NineteenEighty-FourGeorgeOrwellalsoaprolific（多产的）essayistwhoproducedsuchworksas:‘WhyIWrite’,‘AHanging’,‘ShootinganElephant’,‘CharlesDickens’,‘Marrakech’,‘PoliticsandtheEnglishLanguage’,‘LiteratureandTotalitarianism’，‘InsidetheWhale’,‘NotesonNationalism’,‘ThePreventionofLiterature’,‘Lear,TolstoyandtheFool’Inreadinghisworks,severalaspectsdrawourattention:1)Hisworksshowsharppowersofobservationanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople.2)Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency.Writingstyleandtechniques3)Conciselanguage:TheuseofEnglishisclear,simpleanddirect,withnoformalityofembellishment(decoration).Hesaidhisidealwastowriteproselikeawindowpane—asclearasglass.GeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwell4)combinationofdescriptionandargumentationMoroccoMoroccoMorocco胡锦涛访问摩洛哥(2006)MoroccoLocation:MoroccoisinNorthernAfrica,borderingtheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheMediterraneanSea,betweenAlgeriaandWesternSahara.MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Capital:RabatFlagofMoroccoAbriefhistoryofMoroccoThePhoenicians(腓尼基人）exploredthiscornerofAfricaaround1000BC.Around150yearsBC,theRomansaddedthispartofthenorthAfricancoasttotheirempire.The7thcenturyADsawtheArabarmiesspreadacrossnorthernAfricaandintoMorocco.In788,adescendantoftheProphetMohammedwasproclaimedkingbytheBerber（柏柏尔）tribes.AbriefhistoryofMoroccoInthemid11thcentury,anarmyofstrictmuslimsconqueredsouthernMorocco,foundingtheirowncapitalatMarrakech.AbriefhistoryofMoroccoInthemid13thcenturyaBerbertribetookcontrolofallnorthernAfrica.ThentheSpanishandPortugueseinvadedtheMoroccancoastline.AbriefhistoryofMoroccoIn1912MoroccobecameaFranco-Spanishprotectorate.TheFrenchcontrolledthecentralandsouthernareaswhiletheSpanishcontrollednorth.Tangier(丹吉尔)wasaninternationalzoneandRabat(拉巴特）thecapital.AbriefhistoryofMoroccoMorocco'slongstruggleforindependencefromFranceendedin1956.In1956independencewasdeclared.TheinternationalizedcityofTangierwasturnedovertothenewcountrythatsameyear.MohammedVbecameking.AbriefhistoryofMoroccoAbriefhistoryofMoroccoKingMohammedVdiedsuddenlyin1961andwassucceededbyhisson,HassanII,whointroducedaSocial,DemocraticandConstitutionalmonarchy,withelectionsfortheparliamentevery6yearsbutpowerremainingwiththeking.Thepresentking,MohamadVI,succeededkingHassanIIonhisdeathin1999,hascontinuedhisfathersprogressivereformsofhealth,education,andeconomics.Thepresentking,MohamadVI穆罕默德六世Thepresentking,MohamadVIMohamadVIandhisfamily摩洛哥王妃萨尔玛·贝娜妮是一位美丽与智慧并存的电脑工程师Thepeople•MostofthepeopleofMoroccoareMuslims.•Islamisthestatereligion.••Atonetimethereareabout200,000JewsinMorocco.•MostofthemweredescendantsofthosewhohadfledfromSpainandotherEuropeancountriesandsettledinthecoastalcities.ThepeopleMoroccansaremainlyfarmers(70%)whotrytogrowtheirownfood.Theyoftenusecamels,donkeysandmulestopulltheirplows.Inthesouthafewtribesmenstillwanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.ThepeopleClimateMoroccoenjoysaMediterraneanclimate.LanguagesArabic(official),Berberdialects,SpanishandFrenchFrenchisoftenthelanguageofbusiness,government,anddiplomacy.MoroccoEthnicGroupsArab-Berber99.1%,other0.7%,Jewish0.2%.ReligionMuslim98.7%,Christian1.1%,Jewish0.2%MarrakechLocationItissituatedinsouthwestMoroccoatthefootoftheAtlasMountains,130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.MarrakechMarrakechisthesecondlargestcityinMorocco.ThecityisknownastheRedcityafterthemagnificentredfortificationsthatsurroundit.Marr