Unit2LearningaboutLanguage

Unit2TheOlympicGamesLearningaboutLanguage1.chargevt.&vi.收费；控诉；指控；充电n．费用；主管【语境领悟】*Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？你认为博物馆应该收入馆费吗？*Themantheyarrestedlastnighthasbeenchargedwithmurder.昨晚他们逮捕的那人被指控犯有谋杀罪。*Weonlymakeaverysmallchargeforbreakfast.早餐我们只收一点费用。*ThecompanyisinthechargeofMr.Smith.公司由史密斯先生负责。【归纳拓展】(1)chargesb.forsth.为某物向某人收取费用chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事(2)takechargeof掌管/负责……inchargeof控制/管理……in/underthechargeof受……的管理freeofcharge免费【即学活用】①(2014·张家港高一检测)Theyhadtoleavetheir3-year-olddaughter______theirparentswhentheywerebusywiththeirbusiness.A.inthechargeofB.infavourofC.inchargeofD.takechargeof【解析】选A。考查固定短语辨析。句意:当他们忙于他们的生意时,他们让他们的父母照看3岁的女儿。inchargeof管理;infavourof赞成,支持;inthechargeof由……负责;takechargeof意为“负责,管理”,此处应用被动语态。故选A。②(2013·陕西高考)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill________.A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchargeD.intime【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意:经理想看看公司的变化,我相信他迟早会看到的。inparticular尤其,特别;inturn依次,轮流;incharge负责,掌管;intime及时,迟早,最终。根据句意,应选D。【思维延伸】补充练习写出下列句子中加黑部分的含义。①Howmuchwillyouchargefortheroom？()②Pleasechargethebatteryfirstbeforeusing.()③Whoisinchargeofthecompanyatpresent？()④Hewaschargedbythepolicewithdrivingafterdrinking.()要价；收费给……充电主管；负责指控2.physicaladj.物理的；身体的【语境领悟】*Physicalactivitypromotesgoodhealth.身体运动促进健康。*Theyhaveclearedupthecauseofthephysicalchange.他们已经搞清楚这个物理变化的成因。【归纳拓展】physicallyadv.身体上；体格上physicsn.物理；物理学physicistn.物理学家physiciann.(内科)医生【即学活用】用physics/physical/physically填空。①Youthisthetimeof________growth.②Themaleis_________strongerthanthefemale.③_______hasmadeenormousprogressinthiscentury.完成句子。④为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。Tokeepfit,weoften_________________________.⑤物质的东西是看得见、摸得着的。_____________arethoseyoucanseeandtouch.physicalphysicallyPhysicstakepartinphysicalexercisePhysicalthings3.advertisevt.＆vi.做广告；登广告【语境领悟】*Nowyouareaskedtomakeapostertoadvertiseasportingevent.现在要求你制作一张海报为一项体育赛事做广告。*Ifyouwanttosellyourproduct,youmustadvertiseit.如果你要推销自己的产品，你就必须做广告。*Weadvertisedforstaffinalocalnewspaper.我们在一份地方报纸上登广告招聘员工。【归纳拓展】(1)advertisesth.为某事做广告advertisefor登广告求……advertiseforsb.todosth.登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事(2)advertisementn.广告*MissParrishrecentlyplacedanadvertisementinthelocalnewspaper.帕里什小姐最近在当地报纸上登出了一则广告。【即学活用】完成句子。①Wedecidedto_______________________.我们决定为我们的新产品做广告。②Imust_________________________.我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书。③Theyinserted______________________________.他们在这家报纸上加插了一则广告。advertiseournewproductadvertiseforanewsecretaryanadvertisementinthenewspaper4.Itdidn’ttakeherlongtoreachthestandardforenteringtheOlympicGames.她没花多长时间就达到了参加奥运会的标准。【句式分析】“Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.”为常用句型，表示“做某事花了(某人)……时间”。该句型中的it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。*Ittookmequitealongtimetounderstandthemeaningofthepainting.我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。*Ittakesmeanhourtogotoschoolbybuseveryday.我每天乘公共汽车上学要用一小时。【思维延伸】cost用作动词表示某物值多少钱或者说“得付多少钱去购买”,主语一般是表示所买的东西的名词take表示“花费多长时间做某事”。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.spend指某人花费多少时间(钱)做(在)……sb.+spend+钱/时间+onsth./(in)doingsth.paypay...for“为……而付钱”。sb.+pay+钱+forsth.【即学活用】仿写句子。①画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。It________________________thebeautifulhorses.②我花费大约半个小时做这些练习。It_____________________________theseexercises.③买一所房子要花一大笔钱。It____________________buyahouse.tookmethreeyearstodrawtookmeabouthalfanhourtodotakesalotofmoneyto④(2013·陕西高考)OnMondaymorningsitusually________meanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtake【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:周一早晨去工作我往往需要驱车1小时,尽管实际上只有20英里的距离。根据“OnMondaymornings”和“usually”可知是习惯性动作,故用一般现在时。【要点拾遗】finevt.罚款n.处罚金，罚款【语境领悟】*Youwillbefined200yuan.你会被罚200元。*Thepolicefinedmefordrivingtoofast.因开车超速我被警察罚款了。*Hepaida＄50fine.他付了50美元的罚款。【即学活用】完成句子。①他因违反交通规则而被罚款。He____________________trafficregulations.②如果这个月底应该完成的建筑项目被推迟的话，建筑公司将会被罚款。Ifthebuildingprojecttobecompletedbytheendofthismonthisdelayed，theconstructioncompany___________.wasfinedforbreakingwillbefined一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，且动作发生在将来某一时刻或阶段。1.一般将来时的被动语态的四种句式【语境领悟】*Thebuildingwillbebuiltnextmonth.这栋楼下个月将开工。(肯定式)*Hewillnotbepunishedbyhismotherevenifhebreaksthecup.即使当他打碎杯子时，他也不会被妈妈惩罚。(否定式)*Willthenewplanbediscussedatthemeetingthisafternoon？在今天下午的会议上这项新计划会被讨论吗？(一般疑问式)*Whenwillthenewplanbediscussed?这项新计划将何时讨论？(特殊疑问式)【知识归纳】肯定式will/shall主语+begoingto+bedonebeto否定式will/shallnot主语+benotgoingto+bedonebenotto一般疑问式Will/Shall+主语Be+主语+goingto+bedone?Be+主语+to特殊疑问式will/shall+主语特殊疑问词+be+主语+goingto+bedone?be+主语+to2.一般将来时的被动语态运用中的几个需要注意的问题(1)含双宾语的情况。【语境领悟】*Myauntwillbuymeashirtasmybirthdaypresent.→Iwillbeboughtashirt(bymyaunt)asmybirthdaypresent.→Ashirtwillbeboughtforme(bymyaunt)asmybirthdaypresent.【知识归纳】含有双宾语的主动语态在变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语改为主语，另一个不变。习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。如果把直接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。(2)含复合宾语的情况。【语境领悟】*We’llaskhimtohelpyoutomorrow.→Hewillbeaskedtohelpyou(byus)tomorrow.*Thebosswillmakehimworklatetofinishthework.→Hewillbemadetoworklate(bytheboss)tofinishthework.【知识归纳】主动句谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语成为主语补足语)。但如果主动句的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，在变成被动句时，则需加上to。(3)含短语动词的情况。【语境领悟】*Thelittledogwillbetakencareofbytheirneighborwhiletheyareaway.他们不在家的时候，小狗将由他们的邻居代为照顾。*Heatedto100℃,waterwillbeturnedintosteam.加热到100摄氏度时，水将会变成蒸汽。*Theoldtemplewillbepulleddownnextmonth.下个月那座古