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现在完成时(Presentperfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)定义:(1)强调动作是过去发生的(2)强调对现在的影响或结果(3)在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped不规则动词burn---burnt---burnt1hidehidhiden隐藏2forgetforgotforgoten忘记3seesawseen看见4taketooktaken2、不规则动词:AAA型原型过去式过去分词burstburstburstcastcastcastcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutspreadspreadspreadletletletreadreadreadledledledAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome特殊情况readreadreadread原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfeedfedfedgetgotgothanghunghunghearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidleadledledloselostlostleaveleftleftlendlentlentmakemademademeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsellsoldsoldshootshotshotsaysaidsaidsitsatsatstandstoodstoodshineshoneshonesweepsweptsweptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwonABC型beginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedrivendrinkdrankdrunkflyflewflownforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozengivegavegivengrowgrewgrownknowknewknownrideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrungshakeshookshakensingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumthrowthrewthrownwritewrotewrittentaketooktakenwearworeworn用法(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavespentallofmymoney.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)●⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.●注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词come/arrive/reach/getto-----beingoout----beoutfinish----beoveropen----beopendie----bedead★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代getup3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open6.havegotup→havebeenup;7.havedied→havebeendead;8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover;11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:thismorning/month/year...,today等)连用。例如:Haveyoufoundyourpenyet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?7.现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:Heh
本文标题:小学现在完成时的用法总结
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