高教社高职高专英语Book4Unit-9

Unit9Welcoming张宁宁全国成人高等教育规划教材英语4（非英语专业专科用）MenuPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyGrammarFocusExercisesPre-readingactivity:BackgroundinformationBackgroundinformationWhatisculture?Whatisculturalshock?HOMEWhatisculture?Cultureisanintegratedsystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternsthatarecharacteristicofthemembersofanygivensociety.Culturereferstothetotalwayoflifeofparticulargroupsofpeople.Itincludeseverythingthatagroupofpeoplethinks,says,doesandmakes--itssystemsofattitudesandfeelings.BackWhatisculturalshock?Cultureshockisapsychologicaldisorientationthatmostpeopleexperiencewhenlivinginaculturemarkedlydifferentfromone’sown.文化冲击(指一旦置身于异国文化的生活方式中,由于心理或生理上的不习惯而产生的不安情绪)BackWhile-readingactivityMainwordsGrammarfocusLanguagepointsHOMEIntegratedSkillsDevelopmentMainWords:1.Shockaterribleshocktohim使他极为震惊futureshock未来冲击;未来震憾(指对未来社会的发展,技术的进步,价值观念及行为准则的变化,担心不能适应而产生的不安情绪)2.strategyn.战略(学),策略,计谋,作战方针;智谋,手腕strategyandtactics战略与战术-gistn.战略家3.assumption假定;设想;假说假装;摆出某种样子Yourassumptioniswrong.你的假定是错的。Hisassumptionofpowerwaswelcomedbyeveryone.他掌权为大家所欢迎。Assumptionn.圣母升天4.reliableadj.可靠的,可信赖的,确实的Itisreportedonreliableauthoritythat...reliable据可靠方面消息...reliablenessn.reliablyadv.5.Significancen.意义,意味深长;含义重要性,显著性ofno[little]significance无关紧要的ecologicalsignificance生态意义functionalsignificance功能意义6.psychologicaladj.心理学(上)的;精神(现象)的psychologicalresearch心理学研究psychologicaltests心理测验psychologicalmoment使在心理上发生效果的最恰当的时刻;紧要关头psychologicalwarfare心理战7.Inevitablyadj.不可避免的;无法避免的;必然(发生)的theinevitablecourseofhistory历史的必由之路Deathisinevitable.死是不可避免的。Marywaswearingherinevitablelargehat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。8.impactvt.插紧;压紧撞击;冲击;击中;挤满;塞满;填入Thewarhasimpactedtheareawithmilitaryanddefenseworkers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。giveanimpactto对....起冲击作用makeastrongimpacton对....有巨大影响makeafullimpacton对....有巨大影响9.frustrationn.挫折,失败,使人失望的事;失效,落空frustrationofourdesign我们计划的失败frustrationofcontract合同落空10.removaln.移[调]动,迁移removalvan搬运卡车(特别是供搬家用)removalofanofficial一官员的免职Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.这家工厂宣布迁往另一座城市。11.necessityn.必要性,需要;必然(性);[常用复]必需品;危急asanecessity必然地thenecessityofbreakingthecigarettehabit戒烟的必要性underthenecessity(ofdoingsth.)不得己而(做某事),不得不(做某事),被迫(做某事)12.commutevi.购买或使用长期车票;往返的路程commutebetweenhomeandoffice上下班来往通勤commutebetweenLondonandNewYork定期往返于伦敦纽约间aboutanhour'scommutefromtheuniversity离大学一小时左右的汽车路程13.mild温柔的;温和的;和善的;(指食物、酒、烟等)味淡的,不强烈的Mildclimate温暖的气候amildanswer温和的回答mildcheese清淡的奶酪(as)mildasmilk[asalamb,asadove,asMay]性情非常温和mildandbitter淡味啤酒与苦味啤酒的混合品14.fatiguen.疲乏,疲劳,累活,[军]杂役vt.使疲劳,使心智衰弱vi.疲劳sufferfromfatigue感到疲劳15.deliberatelyadv.故意地Deliberatevt.考虑;熟思;研究,讨论Hedeliberatedthequestionbeforehemadeananswer.答复以前,他仔细地考虑了这个问题。adeliberatedecision慎重的决定adeliberatemurder蓄意谋杀deliberateon仔细研究,审议deliberateupon仔细研究,审议16.deceivevt.欺诈[骗],蒙蔽;使弄错,使失望deceivesb.withfairwords用花言巧语欺骗某人Hehasdeliberatelydeceivedus.他有意地欺骗我们。deceiveoneself骗自己;误解,想错deceivesb.intodoingsth.骗某人做某事Hethatoncedeceivesiseversuspected.[谚]骗人一次,受疑一世。17.exploitvt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥v.使用n.功绩[勋],业绩,英勇的行为,辉煌的成就theexploitsofthefamousheroes著名英雄的丰功伟绩BackLanguagepoints1.Whenapersonmovesfromoneculturetoanother,hesuddenlyfindsthatmuchofwhathehaslearnedaboutinterpretingtheactionsofpeoplearoundhisissuddenlyirreverent.when引导一个时间状语从句，hefindsthat…其后跟一个主系表结构的宾语从句，whathe…aroundhis是宾语从句中的主语部分。from…to:从…到。2.Beingunabletointerpretthesituationsinwhichtheyfindthemselves,peopleoftenbelievetheyarebeingdeliberatelydeceivedorexploitedbyhost-countrynationals.现在分词或现在分词短语做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。beingunableto…themselves的逻辑主语是句子的主语people。inwhich引导的定语从句theyfindthemselves用来修饰现行词thesituations,正常顺序是inthesituations.peopleoftenbelievethey…believe之后引导的是省略that的宾语从句。3.Somepeoplemayrespondbydevelopingnegativestereotypesofthehostculture,byrefusingtolearnthelanguageandbymixingexclusivelywithpeopleoftheirownculturebackground.句子的基本模式是：somepeoplemayrespondby…,by…andby….respond之后有三个by引导并列的短语表示方式。by是介词，其后应跟名词或名词短语，或动词的-ing形式来作名词成分。4.Itdoesmeanthatrecognitionofitsinevitabilitycanleadtothedevelopmentofthestepstoreduceitsimpact.does在此句中起强调作用，以突出mean的重要性,基本句型为：itdoesmeanthat…，that之后引导一个句子，使整个句子真正的主语，由于助于成分过长，为了避免头重脚轻，故把it提前，它只是形式上的主语。leadto:导致。BackGrammarfocus:“as”clause“as”可以引导以下从句examples1.As引导比较状语从句，其前面接as+形容词或副词。1.There’splentyoffood,soeatasmuchasyoulike.2.IgotthereasfastasIcould.2.As引导原因状语从句。AsIfeltverytired,Iwenttobedearly.3.As引导时间状语从句。1.Iwatchedherassheopenedtheletter.2.Themanslippedashewasgettingoffthetrain.4.As引导关系从句，它指代整个主句。Asisknown,theearthisround.ExerciseCompletethefollowingsentencesusingas…as(clause).1.ThestationwasnearerthanIthought.Thestationwasn’t____________.2.IgotoutlessthanIusedto.Idon’t________________.3.thehotelischeaperthanIexpected.Thehotelisn’t________________.4.theexaminationwaseasierthanweexpected.Theexaminationwasn’t___________.asfarasIthoughtgetoutasoftenasIusedtoasexpensiveasIexpectedasitusuallydoes介词的翻译英语介词的表现力比较强，翻译时常需要转移为汉语的动词或其它词类。Heisaftervulgarinterests.他在追求低级趣味。Nooneisagainsttheproposal.无人