高中英语阅读讲座(一)

高中英语阅读讲座（一）主讲：宝山中学陈晓红2005-03-27讲座主要内容谈谈高中英语阅读1、常见题材2、常见体裁3、测试要求第一讲：阅读中的细节型试题第二讲：阅读中的生词词义猜测高中英语阅读常见题材天文地理、科学技术政治历史、文化教育风土人情、生活常识人物传记、新闻报道、、、高中英语阅读常见体裁1、记叙文2、说明文3、应用文4、议论文5、图表、、、高中英语阅读测试要求1、直接题事实细节文中找切莫自己凭想象2、间接题词语结构同义换生词上下文中猜高中英语阅读测试要求3、推理判断题事物发展合逻辑文中寓意细领会4、主旨大意题段落大意需归纳中心思想领全文第一讲：阅读中的细节题明确中心内容，把握辨证关系，体会作者意图，判断文章主题。细节孤立无意义，全文呼应有精彩，正确答案文中藏，错误选择怪猜想。细节型试题常见提问形式*Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,what,which,howmany,howoften…)*Whichofthestatementsistrue?*Whichofthestatementsisnottrue?*Whichofthestatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?*Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat…*Whatistherightorderoftheevent?…细节型试题的几种解答方法1、词、句转换法不可否认，细节题在文章中一定能找到答案，但是正确选项与文中原句往往不会一模一样，命题者常以释义（paraphrase)或重述（restatement)的形式来设计题目。因此，熟记近义词及词组，熟悉句型转换是正确解答此类题的关键。例1：AccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.Q:Howdochildrenlearnhowtolie?A.InstructionsfromparentsB.SchooleducationC.SocialexperiencesD.BasicinstinctAccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.“Itisnotparentsorteachersthatteachchildrenhowtolie.”从最后一句更清楚的知道说谎是天生的，是一种本能，所以正确答案是D。“instinct”即“本能的”的意思。AccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.Q:Howdochildrenlearnhowtolie?A.InstructionsfromparentsB.SchooleducationC.SocialexperiencesD.Basicinstinct例2：Sallyarrivedearly.Asshewalkedaroundtheoldhouse,shecouldn’thelpfeelingsadbecauseofwhatwasabouttohappen.Itwasalmostayearsinceherdeargrandmotherhadpassedawayinthishouseattheageofninety-two.Thefamilyhadverymuchwantedtokeepallherthings.Unfortunately,thefamilybusinesshadfailedandleftthemwithheavydebts.Thebanknowforcedthemtohaveanauctionsaletorepaytheirdebts.Theauctionwastobeheldtoday.Q:WhydidSallyfeelsadwhenshecametotheoldhouse?A:Becausehergrandmotherhaddied.B:Becauseherfamilywereinheavydebts.C:Becausesheknewshecouldpayforthequilt.D:Becauseherfamilyhadtosellhergrandma’sbelongings.Sallyarrivedearly.Asshewalkedaroundtheoldhouse,shecouldn’thelpfeelingsadbecauseofwhatwasabouttohappen.Itwasalmostayearsinceherdeargrandmotherhadpassedawayinthishouseattheageofninety-two.Thefamilyhadverymuchwantedtokeepallherthings.Unfortunately,thefamilybusinesshadfailedandleftthemwithheavydebts.Thebanknowforcedthemtohaveanauctionsaletorepaytheirdebts.Theauctionwastobeheldtoday.Sally’sgrandmotherhadpassedawayandsheleftallherbelongings.Sally’sfamily’sbusinesshadfailedandtheywereinheavydebts.TheyhadnochoicebuttosellwhatSally’sgrandmahadlefttowhoeverofferedthemostmoneyforit.anauctionsell=sellingsomethingtoapersonwhooffersthemostmoneyforit.Sallyfeltverysad.Q:WhydidSallyfeelsadwhenshecametotheoldhouse?A:Becausehergrandmotherhaddied.B:Becauseherfamilywereinheavydebts.C:Becausesheknewshecouldpayforthequilt.D:Becauseherfamilyhadtosellhergrandma’sbelongings.2、排除式结构仔细阅读4个选项，带着选项的内容再去阅读短文。一旦遇到与选项相似的信息，马上在这些信息下划线作为排除的内容。排除3项与原文有关的内容后，所剩选项的内容确定在原文中找不到相应信息，即是正确答案。常见的排除式结构的提问方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat…2.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?3.Whatisnotmentionedinthepassage?4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat……例3：EveryAugustontheislandofHeimaey,offthesoutherncoastofIceland,youngpeopleoftentakeawalkalongthestreetsthroughoutthenight.What’smore,theirparentsallowthemtostayout.Why?ThechildrenofHeimaeyaregoingtosaveyoungpuffins—smallblackandwhiteseabirds.Thecliffsabovethetownarehometoalargegroupofpuffins.Thebirdsdigholesallaroundthecliffs.Theseholesaretheirhomes.Theyoungbirdsstayintheholesforaboutsevenweeks.Thentheybegintoleave.SomemoveslowlyontheirundevelopedwingsandfeetdowntothenorthernAtlanticOceanthatsurroundHeimaey.There,theyswim,whichtheycandonaturally,andlearntodiveforfish.Others,however,maylosetheirwayatnightandfindthemselvesinthetowninstead.Ontheground,theyoungseabirdsareintrouble.Becausetheirwingsarenotfullydeveloped,theycannottakeoffquicklytoseaandsafety.Thebirdsthenbecomeagoodmealforcatsandotheranimals.Formanyyears,islandershavehelpedtheyoungpuffins.EarlyatnightinthelateAugust,childrencarryingthickpaperboxesandlightshurrytotheseashoretocatchpuffins.Theyspendmostofthenightrunningafterthebirds.Theyputthebirdsthey’vecaughtinboxesandtakegoodcareofthem.Thenextmorningthechildrentakethepuffinstotheoceanandsetthemfree.Thebirdswillliveatseauntiltheyareatleasttwoyearsold.Thentheywillreturntothecliffstobuildhomesoftheirownfortheirfamilies.WillthechildrenofHeimaeyalwayscometosavepuffins?“Yes,”answertheboys.“Welookforwardtoit.Thebesttimeforusissettingthebirdsfree.”Q:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Onceinayearthechildrenareallowedtostayouttohaveagoodtimewithbirds,cats,andanimals.B.Theearliesthomefortheyoungpuffinsisinthecliffs,notinthesandsofbeaches.C.Someyoungpuffinsmaketheirwaydowntotheoceanwhentheyareaboutsevenweeksold.D.Theyoungbirdsthatgettotheseawillstaythereforatleasttwoyears.Thecliffsabovethetownarehometoalargegroupofpuffins.Thebirdsdigholesallaroundthecliffs.Theseholesaretheirhomes.Theyoungbirdsstayintheholesforaboutsevenwee