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ClockTower……TheClockTowerisaturret[‘tə:rit]（角楼，塔楼）clockstructureatthenorth-easternendoftheHousesofParliamentbuildinginWestminster,London,England.ItispopularlyknownasBigBen,butthisnameisactuallyanickname[’nik,neim]（绰号,浑名）fortheclock‘smainbell.ThetowerhasalsobeenreferredtoasSt.Stephen’sTowerorTheTowerofBigBen,inreference[‘refərəns]（提及;涉及）toitsbell.◆Structure◆Reliability◆CultureThetowerwasraisedasapartofCharlesBarry'sdesignforanewpalace,aftertheoldPalaceofWestminsterwasdestroyedbyfireonthenightofOctober16,1834.ThetowerisdesignedintheVictorianGothicstyle,andis96.3metershigh.StructureThefirst61metersofthestructureistheclocktower,consistingofbrickwork['brikwə:k]砖结构withstonecladding['klædiŋ]包覆;theremainderofthetower'sheightisaframed[freim]架构,骨架;结构spire[spaiə]螺旋形上升ofcastiron.Thetowerisfoundedona15by15meterraft,madeof3-metrethickconcrete['kɔnkri:t]混凝土,atadepth[depθ]深度,厚度of7metersbelowgroundlevel.Thefourclockfacesare55metersaboveground.Duetogroundconditionspresentsinceconstruction,thetowerleans[li:n]倾斜slightlytothenorth-west,byroughly['rʌfli]大约220millimeters.Duetothermal['θə:məl]保暖的effectsitoscillates['ɔsi,leit]摆动annually['ænjuəli]每年一次byafewmillimeterseastandwest.◆Clockfaces◆Themainbell◆OtherbellsClockfacesTheclockfaceswereoncelargeenoughtoallowtheClockTowertobethelargestfour-facedclockintheworld.Theclockmechanism['mekənizəm]机构;结构itselfwascompletedby1854,butthetowerwasnotfullyconstructeduntilfouryearslaterin1858.Theclockanddials['daiəl]表盘;钟盘weredesignedbyAugustusPugin.DuringWorldWarII,thePalaceofWestminsterwashitbyGermanbombing[bɔm]轰炸;轰击,destroyingtheHouseofCommons下院andcausingdamagetothetower'swesternclockface.返回ThemainbellThemainbell,officiallyknownastheGreatBell,isthelargestbellinthetowerandpartoftheGreatClockofWestminster.ThebellisbetterknownbythenicknameBigBen.ThenameBigBenwasfirstgiventoa14.5tonne(16ton)hourbell.Thebellwasneverofficiallynamed,butthelegendonitrecordsthatthecommissioner[kə'miʃənə]长官ofworks,SirBenjaminHall,wasresponsiblefortheorder.AnothertheoryisthatthebellmayhavebeennamedafterheavyweightboxerBenjaminCauntwhowaspopularatthetime.There'salsoastorythatthebellwastobecalledVictoriainhonorofQueenVictoria,buttheceremonial[,seri'məunjəl]礼节的speecheswentonsolongthatsomejokershoutedoutOhjustcallitBigBenandhavedonewithit!andthenamestuck[stʌk]粘住.返回OtherbellsAlongwiththemainbell,thebelfry['belfri]钟楼housesfourquarterbellswhichplaytheWestminsterQuartersonthequarterhours.ThefourquarterbellsareGsharp,Fsharp,E,andB.Becausethelowbell(B)isstrucktwiceinquicksuccession[sək'seʃən]一连串,thereisnotenoughtimetopullahammer['hæmə]锤状物back,anditissupplied[sə'plaid]有...提供的withtwohammersonoppositesidesofthebell.返回ReliabilityTheclockisfamousforitsreliability.Thisisduetotheskillofitsdesigner,thelawyerandamateurhorologist[hə'rɔlədʒist]钟表商;钟表专家EdmundBeckettDenison,laterLordGrimThorpe.Insteadofusingthedeadbeat['ded,bi:t]非周期的;无振荡的escapement[is'keipmənt]摆轮andremoterasoriginallydesigned,Denisoninventedthedoublethree-leggedgravityescapement.Thisescapementprovidesthebestseparationbetweenpendulum['pendjuləm]钟摆andclockmechanism.Togetherwithanenclosed[in'kləuzd]与世隔绝的,wind-proofboxsunkbeneath[bi'ni:θ]在...之下theclockroom,theGreatClock'spendulumiswellisolated['aisəleit]使脱离fromexternal[eks'tə:nl]外来的factorslikesnow,iceandpigeonsontheclockhands,andkeepsremarkablyaccuratetime.DespiteheavybombingtheclockranaccuratelythroughouttheBlitz.ItsloweddownonNewYear'sEve1962duetoheavysnow,causingittochime[tʃaim]鸣,鸣响inthenewyear10minuteslate.Theclockhaditsfirstandonlymajorbreakdownin1976.Thechimingmechanismbrokeduetometalfatigue[fə'ti:g]疲劳,劳累on5August1976,andwasreactivatedagainon9May1977.On29October2005,themechanismwasstoppedforapproximately33hourssothattheclockanditschimescouldbeworkedon.Itwasthelengthiestmaintenance['meintinəns]维持,保持shutdownin22years.返回CultureBigBenisafocusofNewYearcelebrationsintheUnitedKingdom,withradioandTVstationstuningtoitschimestowelcomethestartoftheyear.BigBencanbeusedintheclassroomtodemonstrate['demənstreit]论证,证明thedifferencebetweenthespeedoflightandthespeedofsound.IfapersonvisitsLondonandstandsatthebottomoftheclocktower,theywillhearthechimesofBigBenapproximately1/6ofasecondlaterthanthebellbeingstruckAnimageoftheclocktowerwasalsousedasthelogoforLondonFilms.TheclockhasbecomeasymbolfortheUnitedKingdomandLondon,particularlyinthevisualmedia.Whenatelevisionorfilm-makerwishestoquicklyconveytoanon-UKaudience['ɔ:diəns]观众agenericlocationinBritain,apopularwaytodosoistoshowanimageofBigBen,oftenwithaRoutemasterbusorHackneycarriageintheforeground['fɔ:graund]最突出的位置.Thesoundoftheclockchiminghasalsobeenusedthiswayinaudiomedia,butastheWestminsterQuartersareheardfrommanyotherclocksandotherdevices,theuniquenatureofthisparticularsoundhasbeenconsiderablydiluted[dai'lju:tid]无力的.Thankyou!