高三英语阅读微技能训练

1●阅读微技能训练《考试说明》指出：阅读部分要求考生读懂公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义（4）作出简单判断和推测（5）理解文章的基本结构（6）理解作者的意图，观点和态度因此，高三英语第二阶段的复习要特别注重学生阅读技能的训练，在各种体裁题材的阅读材料的训练中，强化阅读微技能，全面提高学生的阅读理解能力和水平。一、主旨大意（一）设题方式：主旨大意题即句、段、篇主旨和大意理解性问题。题目要求阅读短文后能正确理解文中句、段、篇的主题思想或主要论点。这种题型主要是考查学生领悟文章大意和归纳、概括文章主题的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题(主题型、标题型和目的型)。这类问题属于全局性问题，常见的问题形式有：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?Themain(central)idea/Thebesttitle/Themainfactofthestorysuggests...（二）解题技巧：1.首先要找出文章的主题句，了解文章的主题和中心观点，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。2.灵活运用细读、跳读和略读等技巧，特别要注意第一段和最后一段，通常第一段包含文章要阅述的观点，而最后一段往往是文章的结论性的观点。同时，要注意每一段的头一句话，因为这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。3.学会归纳概括。不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。同时，要注意由insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等“信号词”引导的句子。但必须注意，不要以部分代整体，也不要过度概括。（三）训练与解析训练一（2012全国卷IA）Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhavea2strangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.59.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover'sHelper训练二2012福建卷D篇Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元）inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(模仿)it，whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther：mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactionsytheyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample：Thehandtookholdoftheball),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearehsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动）.Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物）forncuroscienccofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes--well，perhapsyou'llunderstandwhy.70.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.3训练三2010湖北黄冈中学高三模拟考试AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan--themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorin-dustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecom-monlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.Thisattitudetowardmanual(体力的)laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlif~Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously(豪华地)furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenear-bybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusual