sdau山东农业大学国际贸易理论与实务 Chapter11 Trade terms

CHAPTER11INTERNATIONALTRADETERMSINCOTERMS2000FOB,CFRandCIFFCA,CPTandCIPOtherTradeTermsShipmentcontractandChoiceofTradeTerms§1INCOTERMS20001.TheroleoftradetermsAtradetermisacombinationoflettersorwords,whichspecifiescertainobligationswithininternationalcontract,forexample,FOBorFreeOnBoard.Atradetermembracesthreebasicelements:(1)Transferofrisks.风险(2)Transferofobligations.责任(3)Divisionofcosts.费用2.INCOTERMS2000TheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)firstpublishedin1936asetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationoftradeterms,knownasINCOTERMS1936.Amendmentsandadditionswerelatermadein1953,1967,1976,1980,1990andpresentlyin2000inordertobringtherulesinlinewithcurrentinternationaltradepractices.ThecurrentversionINCOTERMS2000cameintoforceonJan.1,2000.OtherstandardrulesontradetermsWarsaw-OxfordRules1932(W.O.Rules,1932)华沙-牛津规则RulesforCIFcontractsdraftedataconferenceoftheInternationalLawAssociationinWarsawandadoptedinOxfordon12August1932.TheRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions美国对外贸易定义修订本EmergedinUSAin1919andwererevisedin1941andin1990respectively.2010国际贸易术语解释通则（Incoterms2010)是目前最新的的。从2011年1月1日起生效。(1)ScopeofINCOTERMSTheseller‘sobligationtoplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyer.卖方按买方指定港口和时间内将货物装上船Thedistributionofriskbetweentheparties.风险分配Theobligationstoclearthegoodsforexportandimport.办理进出口报关手续的责任Theobligationtoprovideproofthattherespectiveobligationshavebeendulyfulfilled.相关责任履行的证明Thebuyer‘sobligationtotakedelivery.买方负责接收货物Itdoesnotdealwithtransferofownershipandotherpropertyrights,breachesofcontractandtheconsequencesfollowingfromsuchbreachesaswellasexemptionsfromliabilityincertainsituations.(2)ThestatusofINCOTERMSINCOTERMShavenostatusatlawunlessthereisspecificlegislationprovidingforthem,orunlesstheyareconfirmedbycourtdecisions.它不是各国的共同立法，也不是某一国的法律，不具有法律的强制性.但当买卖双方在合同中援引某项惯例时，则该惯例即具有法律效力，对双方均有约束力。PartieswhoadopttheINCOTERMSshouldmakesuretheyexpresstheiracceptanceclearly.Forexample,FOBLiverpoolINCOTERMS2000.Itwillthenbecomelegallybindinguponallparties.Partiesshouldbewaryaboutmakingadditionsorvaryingthemeaningofanyparticularterm.国际贸易术语的作用确定交货条件交货地点？交货方式？风险转移界限？双方需交接哪些单据？采用何种运输方式？表示价格构成谁负责办理货物的运输、保险手续，并负担费用？谁负责办理通关过境手续，并负担相关费用？(3)StructureofINCOTERMS2000GroupGroupGROUPTERMStandsforModeoftransportDeparture启运组EXWExWorks(...namedplace)工厂交货AllmodesMaincarriageunpaidbytheseller主运费未付组FASFreeAlongsideShip(...namedportofshipment)装运港船边交货SeaandinlandwaterwayFCAFreeCarrier(...namedplace)货交承运人AllmodesFOBFreeOnBoard(...namedportofshipment)装运港船上交货SeaandinlandwaterwayGroupGroupMaincarriagepaidbytheseller主运费已付组CFRCostandFreight(...namedportofdestination)成本加运费SeaandinlandwaterwayCIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(...namedportofdestination)成本保险运费SeaandinlandwaterwayCPTCarriagePaidTo运费付至指定目的地(...namedplaceofdestination)SeaandinlandwaterwayCIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo运费保险付至指定目的地(...namedplaceofdestination)SeaandinlandwaterwayArrival到达组术语DAFDeliveredAtFrontier边境交货(...namedplace)AllmodesDDUDeliveredDutyUnpaid未完税交货(...namedplaceofdestination)AllmodesDDPDeliveredDutyPaid完税后交货(...namedplaceofdestination)AllmodesDESDESDeliveredExShip目的港船上交货(...namedportofdestination)AllmodesDEQDeliveredExQuay目的港码头交货(...namedportofdestination)Allmodes①The“E”term:Theseller/exportermakesthegoodsavailableathisorherownpremisestothebuyer/importer.②The“F”terms:Theseller/exporterisresponsibletodeliverthegoodstoacarriernamedbythebuyer.③The“C”terms:Theseller/exporterisresponsibleforcontractingandpayingforcarriageofthegoods,butnotresponsibleforadditionalcostsorriskoflossordamagestothegoodsoncetheyhavebeenshipped.Ctermsevidence“shipment”(asopposedto“arrival”)contract.④The“D”terms:Theseller/exporterisresponsibleforallcostsandrisksassociatedwithbringingthegoodstotheplaceofdestination.Dtermsevidence“arrival”contracts.装运港交货的三种常用贸易术语在出口国装运港完成交货的三种术语FOB…指定装运港CIF…指定目的港CFR…指定目的港向承运人交货的三种术语FCA…指定地点CIP…指定目的地CPT…指定目的地§2FOB,CFRandCIF1.这三个贸易术语有许多共同的规律第一，都适用于港到港的海洋运输。第二，卖方的交货地点都是在出口国的装运港船上。第三，风险的划分都是在出口国装运港以货物装上船为界。第四，都是象征性的贸易术语，即以单据为核心，交单代替交货。第五，都是装运港交货条件的术语，即卖方只要在装运港把货物装上船就完成了交货义务，风险就转移给了卖方。第六，都是装运合同，即卖方只管按时装运，不管何时到达。§2FOB,CFRandCIF1.FOB—FreeonBoard(namedportofshipment)船上交货(1)ImplicationofFOBThesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship‘srailatthenamedportofshipment.以船舷为界Thismeansthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.InFOBthesellerisrequiredtodelivergoodsonboardavesselthatistobedesignatedbythebuyerattheparticularport.卖方按买方指定港口装货FOBvessel(namedportofshipment)Forexample,FOBSingaporerequiresthebuyertonametheshipthatwillacceptdeliveryinSingapore.Thesellerisalsorequiredtoclearthegoodsforexport.卖方负责办理出口海关手续TheFOBterm,asitsnamesuggests,isamaritimetradetermandisusedonlyforoceanorinlandwaterwaytransport.Thebuyerisresponsibleforthemaincarriage/freight,cargoinsuranceandothercostsandrisks.买方负责承担货物装船后的一切运费和保险。(2)VariantsofFOB变形Expressionsfrequentlyusedincharterpartiesaresometimesusedincontractsofsaleinordertoclarifythedivisionofloadingcost.①FOBLinerTerms.Thecostofloadingisfortheaccountofthebuyerwhocontractsforcarriageandbearsthefreight.②FOB