高考新题短文改错与语法填空巧拿分解析

高考新题短文改错与语法填空巧拿分短文改错•一、看清题•二、明规律•三、规范答题•一、看清题•短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）•假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下便条。便条中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。•注意:1.每处错误及修改均限一词；•2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。•DearBob,•IsawyournoteyesterdayafternoonsinceIcamebackfromschool.Yousuggestedthatwegoto∧concertthisFridayevening.I’msorrybutIwillbevisitmyunclethatday.HeisgoingtoCanadatodohimPhD,and∧leaveChinathisSunday.IthinkIshouldsaygood-byeforhim.•I’dreallyliketogototheconcert.Iknewtheperformanceswillcontinueuntilnextweekend,sohowdoyouthinkaboutgoingnextFridayevening?Pleaseletmeknowthatwecangotogetherthen.Givemeaphoneat12300456.•Thanks.•LiHua•1.2015年的便条（样卷103字）每句中最多有两处。•2．增词和改词要求在该词下面写出改正后的词，删除把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉就行。•3．文中共有10处错误。•二、明规律•短文改错题的规律，短文改错题的主要规律有三：第一、多词;第二、缺词;第三、错词。多词常为重复或表达不当;缺词多为句子成分残缺，或固定搭配不完整。此外，虚词的遗漏(如冠词、连词、不定式符号或助动词等)也是常考点;错词主要出现在词法、词义、句式结构、固定搭配或行文逻辑方面，其中又以词法错误最为普遍。这些错误常涉及以下10个方面：一、名词•1.单复数、可数与不可数、名词的构成。•LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.•Inmysparetimes,Ireadalot.•Itwasthere∧Isuccessfullyovercamemyshyandexperienceddifferentculturesthroughcommunicationwiththenatives.•二、动词••时态与语态，及物与不及物词，要特别注意动词的第三单形式。•Inrecentyearsmanyflowersshopshavebeenappearedinoursmalltown.•WhenIheardthesewords,tearswasfilledmyeyes.•MyEnglishteachercameinandaskedwhohasdoneit.•Whenanyoneleavepapermoneyinafire,thefireburnsit.•三、形容词与副词•形容词与副词的变化；副词还要特别注意那些逻辑功能词如however,moreover,therefore等。•Theteacherlookedatmekind.•Thefamiliarpatternsofnotesattractsmeintothecolourfullyworldofmusic.•AlthoughmybrotherandImissedainterestingfilm,wefeltveryhappily.•Thisinturnwillencouragehighschoolstohelptrainingsuchstudents.Therefore,someotherpeopledisagree.•四、介词•介词与实词的正确搭配。•Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedout∧abuilding.•Sometimes,mymothercomesin,askingmetofixmyattentiontomyhomework.•Bythisway,thetrafficdensitycanbereduced,thusspeedinguptheflowofbusesandcars.•WehadnotonlyhelpedPeteroutoftroubleandalsolearntsomethingbyhim.•五、代词•代词较复杂些。要注意不定代词,反身代词，是否正确使用；it与that；人称代词与物主代词，名词所有格及代词的正确指代。•Likemostgrown-ups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefulmusicremindsheroftheirbeautifullifewhenshewasyoung.•HeisgoingtoCanadatodohimPhD,•Onmywaytothecinema,wehappenedtomeetanAmericannamedPeter.•OnemorningwhenIwasrunningintotheclassroom,Iknockedaglassofftheteacherdeskbyaccidentanditwasbrokenintopiece.•六、连词•1)并列连词and,or,so,but,for,when•2）从属连词when,where,why,how,what,that,whether,which等的使用，还要特别注意是应用连词还是代词或是介词。法宝：连词个数原则（一个句子所用连词的个数等于这个句子的主谓个数减一）连词个数原则对于解决谓语还是非谓语，连词还是其它词非常有作用。•至少有四种方式表示比较太阳和月亮，太阳更大。•Comparethesunwiththemoon,andyou’llfindthesunisbigger.•Comparingthesunwiththemoon,you’llfindthesunisbigger.•Ifyoucomparethesunwiththemoon,you’llfindthesunisbigger.•Comparedwiththemoon,thesunisbigger.•Hehasthreesons,butnoneofthemislikehim.•Hehasthreesons,noneofthemlikehim.•Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomislikehim.•Hehasthreesons;noneofthemislikehim.•Ididn’thavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometogetit.•JustthenthebellrangbutIwenttomyseat.•EveryeveningthenIamdoinghomeworkandatweekendswhenIathome,Ialwaysplaysomeofmyfavoritesongsonmytaperecorder.•IsawyournoteyesterdayafternoonsinceIcamebackfromschool.•Itisatruthwhichpeopleofdifferentageunderstandmusicdifferentlyandenjoydifferentkindsofmusic.•Pleaseletmeknowthatwecangotogetherthen.Givemeaphoneat12300456.•七、主谓一致•谓语是由主语决定的，不要受表语的影响。•Tosolvetheproblem,somepiecesofadviceisputforward.•AllthethingsmymotherdidwastheresultofherhopethatIcouldleadabetterlifeinthefuture.•Thefamiliarpatternsofnotesattractsmeintothecolourfullyworldofmusic.八、非谓语动词非谓语动词常见的十种形式(动词不定式五种，动名词和现在分词四种，过去分词一种，哪五种表主动，哪五种表被动)，要特别注意连词个数原则，该用谓语动词还是用非谓语动词。Feelsorry,Iapologizedtoherthenextmorning.LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedout∧abuilding.九、冠词冠词的正确使用以及要特别注意可数名词单数前缺不缺冠词。Alittlewaveisjumpingalongintheocean,having∧greattime.AlthoughmybrotherandImissedainterestingfilm,wefeltveryhappily.Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme!Withsuch∧penfriend,IhopeIcansharewithhermyexperiencesintraveling,takingcareofpets,orwhateverwehaveincommon.Shedoesnotlikethepopmusic.•十、固定搭配•涉及各个方面•名：givemeaphone（call)非谓语:judged(judging)from连:Thereisnodoubtwhether(that)•介：on(in)addition冠：afterthe(a)while•形、副assoonaspossibly(possible)•Sometimes,mymothercomesin,askingmetofixmyattentiontomyhomework.•WehadnotonlyhelpedPeteroutoftroubleandalsolearntsomethingbyhim.•总结:做短文改错题时先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意，然后根据语言结构进行改错。如果注意我提到的这十个方面，我想拿高分不是一件很难的事的。我的学生就是这样提高的：刚开始做普遍是做对两到三个，成绩好的也就是五六个；现在一般的能拿六七分，好的甚至可以拿满分。我想这得益于这么长久的训练，更重要的是得益于方法的指导。•三、规范答题•尽管老师反复提醒学生，但是还是有很多学生答题不规范。集中表现在以下这几方面:•将改正后的词写在原词的上面，而不是下面。•在每处错上标上序号。•重抄了原词。•用别的符号，而不是按照要求标那三个符号。•使用铅笔做答，而不是签字笔。•注意三不改：不改标点，不改大小写，不改单词拼写语法填空一、审题二、解题三、构词•一、审题•第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）•阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。•在空白处填入适当的内容，1个单词,这与去年的全国卷II要求有些不同,去年是不超过3个词)。•填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icame