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——韩国圣水大桥倒塌事件by--建工学院第4小组——SeongsuBridgeby--ArchitecturalEngineeringGroup4反思reflect工程伦理分析EthicsInEngineering事故原因cause事故概况Accidentsituation1.大桥简介Introduction2.事故现场和伤亡情况AccidentSceneAndCasualties3.事故处理Handling01020304Contents目录建工学院第四小组小组成员圣水(Sung—Soo)大桥位于韩国汉城东南,跨越汉江,是一座悬臂式的钢桁梁桥,全长1160m,有6个主孔,每孔的跨度为120m。倒塌发生在11号墩与12号墩之间的悬挂(48m)处,该悬臂式桁梁的悬挂跨与伸臂端是用铰作吊挂式连结的,这种铰接方式于20世纪60年代被广泛应用,但有一个缺点是结构缺乏赘余约束。Sung-SooBridgeislocatedinthesoutheastofSeoul,SouthKorea.ItcrossestheHanRiver.Itisacantileversteeltrussbridgewithatotallengthof1160mandsixmainholes,eachwithaspanof120m.Thecollapseoccurredatthesuspension(48m)betweenpier11andpier12.Thesuspensionspanandtheextensionendofthecantilevertrussbeamareconnectedbyhinges.Thisarticulationmethodwaswidelyusedinthe1960s,butonedrawbackisthatthestructurelacksredundantconstraints.在跨越汉江的各座桥梁中,圣水大桥是第一座从结构特性和美学上来考虑而设计成焊接桁梁桥。当时韩国限于施工条件,修建这样一座特殊形式的大跨度桥梁是比较困难的,但最终还是选用了这种形式。AmongthebridgesacrosstheHanjiangRiver,ShengshuiBridgeisthefirstonetobedesignedasaweldedtrussbridgeconsideringitsstructuralcharacteristicsandaesthetics.Atthattime,Koreawaslimitedtoconstructionconditions,soitwasdifficulttobuildsuchaspecialtypeoflong-spanbridge,butultimatelythistypeofbridgewaschosen.1994年10月21日,随着一声巨响,竣工通车15年的韩国圣水大桥中,一块长达48米的桥板从大桥中段落入江中,6辆汽车包括1辆载满学生及上班族的巴士和1辆载满警员前往庆祝会场地的客货车跌进汉江,导致32人死亡,17人重伤。OnOctober21,1994,withaloudnoise,a48-meter-longbridgeslabfellintotheriverfromthemiddleoftheShengshuiBridgeinKorea,whichwascompletedandopenedfor15years.Sixcars,includingabusfullofstudentsandofficeworkersandabusfullofpoliceofficers,fellintotheHanRiver,causing32deathsand17seriousinjuries.•圣水大桥坍塌事件震惊了整个韩国。韩国总统金泳三称这是“一场灾难”并且快速的组织了调查。他解除了当时汉城市市长李元钟的职务,随后公开向全国人民道歉。韩国国会因此召开紧急会议,强烈谴责这一劣质工程的承建者、建筑行业的腐败行为及政府对国家投资工程缺乏有效的监督和检查。韩国总理李荣德召集内阁紧急会议后,向金泳三总统递交了辞呈,以示承担圣水大桥坍塌事件的责任。韩国执法机关逮捕了7名汉城的建筑官员,检察官指控他们犯有玩忽职守、过失杀人罪。•Thecollapseoftheholywaterbridgeshockedthewholecountry.SouthKoreanPresidentJinYongsancalledthisadisasterandquicklyorganizedtheinvestigation.HerelievedthepositionofLiYuanzhong,mayorofSeoul,andthenapologizedpubliclytothewholenation.TheSouthKoreanCongressthereforeheldanemergencymeetingtostronglycondemnthecontractorsofthisinferiorproject,corruptionintheconstructionindustryandthelackofeffectivesupervisionandinspectionbythegovernmentonstate-investedprojects.Afterconveninganemergencycabinetmeeting,SouthKoreanPrimeMinisterLeeRongdepresentedhisresignationtoPresidentKimYong-santoshowthathewasresponsibleforthecollapseoftheShengshuiBridge.SevenSeoulConstructionofficialshavebeenarrestedbySouthKoreanlawenforcementagencies,andprosecutorshavechargedthemwithnegligenceandmanslaughter.如图,圣水大桥桥的上部结构被设计与修建成悬臂式钢朽梁,它的带伸臂跨的锚跨析梁支承在桥墩上,伸臂端与悬挂跨用连杆与铰来连接。作为设计方面该指出的一个问题是在上部结构的设计中没有赘余约束,是静定结构,因而在竖杆破坏时不可能出现倒塌前的预先警告。但进行立体分析的结果说明铰接竖杆的应力没有超过容许值,所以这并不被认为是导致倒塌的直接原因。Asshowninthefigure,thesuperstructureofShengshuiBridgeisdesignedandconstructedasacantileversteeldecayedbeam.Itsanchorspananalysisbeamwithextensionspanissupportedonthepier,andtheextensionendandsuspensionspanareconnectedbyconnectingrodsandhinges.Asadesignaspect,itshouldbepointedoutthattherearenoredundantconstraintsinthedesignofthesuperstructure,soitisimpossibletowarnbeforecollapsewhentheverticalbarisdamaged.However,theresultsofthree-dimensionalanalysisshowthatthestressofarticulatedverticalbardoesnotexceedtheallowablevalue,soitisnotconsideredasthedirectcauseofcollapse.1.采用超声波方法对铰接竖杆和铰接板之间的槽口焊接面进行熔透深度检测后发现在18mm厚的竖杆翼板上,有效焊缝深度仅有2mm!该缺陷造成了焊缝处较大的应力集中,从而迅速开裂。因此焊缝质量的低劣被认为是桥梁坍塌的直接原因之一。1.Thepenetrationdepthofthegrooveweldsurfacebetweenthearticulatedverticalbarandthearticulatedplatewasmeasuredbyultrasonicmethod.Itwasfoundthattheeffectivewelddepthwasonly2mmonthe18mmthickverticalbarwingplate.Therefore,thepoorqualityofweldisconsideredtobeoneofthedirectcausesofbridgecollapse.2.东亚建筑公司没有按图纸施工,在施工中偷工减料,利用疲劳性能很差的劣质钢材,这是事故的直接原因之一。2.OneofthedirectcausesoftheaccidentisthatEastAsiaConstructionCompanydidnotconstructaccordingtothedrawings,jerry-builtmaterialsintheconstructionandusedinferiorsteelwithpoorfatigueperformance.圣水大桥在通车之后并没有进行周期性的检查和系统性的养护管理。施工期间的监察工作也十分松懈。而且当时韩国缩短工期及汉城市政当局在交通管理上疏漏也是大桥倒塌的主要原因,大桥设计负载限制为32吨,建成后交通流量逐年增加,超常负荷,倒塌时负载为43.2吨。即(1)检查不足与缺乏系统的养护方法;(2)由于钢桥养护工程师们缺乏技术知识,不能早期探测与防止铰接竖杆的焊接处出现疲劳裂缝与破坏;(3)对超载卡车的通过桥梁忽视有效的交通控制;(4)没有评估交通超载对结构安全的影响。AfterthecommissioningoftheSt.Shuibridge,therewasnoperiodicalinspectionandsystematicmaintenanceandmanagement.Atthattime,theshorteningoftheconstructionperiodinKoreaandthenegligenceoftrafficmanagementinSeoulwerealsothemainreasonsforthecollapseofthebridge.Thedesignloadofthebridgewaslimitedto32tons.Afterthecompletionofthebridge,thetrafficflowincreasedyearbyyear.Theoverloadwas43.2tonswhenthebridgecollapsed.Thatis:(1)Insufficientinspectionandlackofsystematicmaintenancemethods;(2)Becauseofthelackoftechnicalknowledgeofsteelbridgemaintenanceengineers,fatiguecracksanddamagecannotbedetectedandpreventedinearlystageattheweldedjointsofarticulatedverticalpoles;(3)Effectivetrafficcontrolisneglectedforthepassingbridgesofoverloadedtrucks;(4)theimpactoftrafficoverloadonstructuralsafetyisnotassessed.基本原因:官僚政治胜过科学技术的发展随着
本文标题:工程伦理分析―桥梁坍塌
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