人教版英语必修三unit4知识点以及相应练习(超级好)

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累[写得准][用得活][积得多]1.fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的2.astronomyn.天文学3.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落4.systemn.系统；体系；制度5.theoryn.学说；理论6.atmospheren.大气层；气氛7.thusadv.因此；于是8.pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物10.harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．害处vt.对……有害11.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地；激烈地12.puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的13.unlikeprep.不同；不像→like(反义词)prep.像→dislikev．&n．不喜欢14.existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在15.globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的16.religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的用所给词的适当形式填空1.(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.2.Weliveina(globe)village,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.3.Doyoubelievetheofghosts?Perhapstheyonly____inthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)4.Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmore.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneverusewhateverhappens.(violent)5.Therewasalookonthelittlegirl’sfacebecausea________problemher.(puzzle)6.Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydotoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalso________toyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoinadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦①astronomyn．天文学②astronautn.宇航员③gravityn.万有引力④satelliten.卫星⑤orbitn.轨道⑥spaceshipn.宇宙飞船⑦universen.宇宙⑧launchvt.发射2.各种“碰撞”聚焦①crashv．碰撞；坠落②bumpn．&v.撞；碰撞(声)③collidev.碰撞；相撞④collisionn.撞击；碰撞⑤runinto撞上⑥knockinto撞上3.un­前缀高频形容词全接触①unlike不像的②unable不能……的③unacceptable不能接受的④unbelievable不可相信的⑤uncertain不确定的⑥unclear不清楚的⑦uncomfortable不舒服的⑧unfair不公平的Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多[写得准][用得活][积得多]1.in_time及时；终于2.lay_eggs下蛋3.give_birth_to产生；分娩4.in_one’s_turn轮到某人；接着5.watch_out_for密切注意；当心；提防6.cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋7.depend_on依靠；取决于8.break_out突发；爆发9.prevent_..._from阻止；制止10.block_out挡住(光线)11.get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解12.now_that既然选用左栏短语填空1.Doremembertowatch_out_forcarswhilecrossingthestreet.2.Cheer_up!Youmustbelieveinyourselfandyouwillgetsuccess.3.PleasetellmewhenMr.SmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimupin_time.4.Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket,whichbroke_outattenthismorning.5.You’vemademesufferinthepast,sonowyou,in_your_turn,_sufferagain！1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃①watchout(for)小心；当心(……)②lookout当心③takecare小心④becareful小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.(2)禁止某人做某事④prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.⑤bansb.fromdoingsth.⑥forbidsb.fromdoingsth.Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通[背原句][记句式][会仿用]1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages,whichmakes_it_easier_for_her_to_findagoodjob.2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”。杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessicadevotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asshedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.3.“Oh,dear，”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_ussomuch,whynothaveatry？第一板块|核心单词归纳集释1．harmfuladj.有害的[经典例句]Expertspointoutthatfruitjuicescanbeharmfultochildren’steeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisvery(harm)totheirhealth.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。2．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)Thereexists...某地有……；存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在①There_existsagenerationgapbetweentheyoungandtheold.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。②Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingonthemoneyhe’searning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。③Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameinto(exist)．关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。[名师指津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3．puzzlevt.使迷惑；使为难n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzleabout冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解②Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremainspuzzletous.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。③Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost,_whichevenalltheartists.(puzzle)他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。[单词集成训练]Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空①Icansaythatitisthemost(violence)filmthatIhaveeverseen.②Thefestivalofthisyearhasbeenagreatsuccess,(like)theyearbeforewhenitrainednon­stop.③Theconversationwascarriedonaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.④Astheoldsayinggoes,itiseasiertopullthantobuildup.⑤Her(puzzle)lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn’tunderstandwhatIsaid.⑥Thedriverlostcontrolofthecarontheslipperyroadandcrashedatruck.Ⅱ.重难点多练1．exist全方位(1)单句语法填空①There(exist)agoodwaytosolvethe(exist)problematpresent.③Asisknowntous,theRepublicofChinacameinto(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.2．harmful面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitis(harm)toone’shealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisno(harmful)inmakinganapologytohimfirst.第二板块|短语句型归纳集释1．intime及时；终于；总有一天(1)innotime立刻；马上atatime每次；一次atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔2．inone’s