诸葛亮英文介绍

TheShuPrimeMinlster--zhugeliangTHETEMPLEOFTHEPREMIEROFSHUWheretoseekthetempleofthenoblePremier?InthedeeppineforestbesidetheCityofSilk,Wherethegreengrassofspringcoverthesteps,Andsongbirdschirphappilybetweentheleaves.TriplesummonsweightedbyaffairsoftheStateTotwogenerationsheservedwithhistrueheart,Todiebeforecompletingalifetimeofachievement,Alwayshaveheroesweepontheirfleeceeversince.PaiChung-hsi,amilitaryleaderoftheRepublicofChinaandwarlordfromGuangxiprovince,earnedthelaudatorynicknameLittleZhugeduetohistacticaldecisionsintheSecondSino-JapaneseWar.Othernames•CrouchingDragonXiansheng卧龙先生•TheCrouchingorSleepingDragon卧龙HiddenDragon伏龙•Pinyin:WòlóngXiānshengorWòlóngWade-Giles:Wo-lungHsien-sheng•Itisnotedthat卧龙,CrouchingDragonorSleepingDragonishisTaoistname.Earlylife•ZhugeLiangwasborninYangduCountyinLangyaCommandery,atpresent-dayYishuiCounty,ShandongProvince.Hewasthesecondofthreebrothersandorphanedearly;hismotherdiedwhenhewasnine,andhisfatherwhenhewastwelve.Hisuncleraisedhimandhissiblings.WhenCaoCaoinvadedShandongin195,hisfamilywasforcedtofleesouth,andhisunclesoondiedofillness.Althoughbothhissistersmarriedintoimportantfamilieswithnumerousconnectionsinthearea,fortenyearsheresidedinLongzhongCommandry(inpresent-dayHubeiprovince)withhiselderbrotherZhugeJin(wholaterservedtheWuKingdom)inasimplepeasantlife-farmingbydayandstudyingbynight.Hegottoknowagroupoffriendsamongtheintellectualsofthearea.Hisreputationsoongrew,andhewasnamedtheCrouching(orSleeping)Dragon,wiseamonghispeersinmanyareas.Atthemeantime,hemarriedthedaughterofanotherrenownedscholarHuangChenyan.Hiswife'snameisrumoredtobeHuangYueying.TheHuangFamilywasalsoconnectedtoseveralotherwellestablishedclansintheregion.ThreeVisitstotheHut(三顾茅庐)•ThewarlordLiuBeiharboredintheneighboringcityXiangyangunderhisdistantrelativeandthegovernoroftheJingRegion,LiuBiao.LegendsrecountedthatZhugeLiangjoinedLiuBeiin207onlyafterLiuvisitedhiminpersonthreetimes.Thenhepresentedhisfamous“LongzhongPlan”Lecturefield（舌战群儒）TheBattleofRedCliffs(赤壁之战)•Afterthreevisits,hetravelledinpersontotheKingdomofWuandformedanalliancewithitsrulerSunQuan.Hetriedhisbesttocontributethe“SunLiujoint”。IntheBattleofRedCliffsof208,thealliedarmiesofLiuBeiandSunQuandefeatedCaoCao,thusenablingLiuBeitoestablishhisownterritories.ItispopularmythosthatZhugeLiangcalledforthasoutheasternwindtosweepHuangGai‘sfire-attackthroughoutCaoCao’sships。ThelastwordsofLiubei(白帝托孤)•LiuBei,infuriatedwiththeexecutionofhislongtimecomrade,ignoredallargumentsofhiswell-meaningsubjectsandturnedontheKingdomofWu,leadingahugearmytoseekrevenge.HewasdefeatedintheensuingBattleofYilingbyLuXunanddiedinalonefortressofBaidiCheng(literarymeaning:theWhiteEmperorFortress)afterahastyandhumiliatingretreattohisownborders.AfterthedeathofLiuBei,ZhugeLiangbecamethechancellorunderLiuShan,LiuBei'sson,andrenewedthealliancewithSunQuan.TheSouthernExpedition(南征)•ZhugeLiangfeltthatinordertomarchNorthhewouldfirsthavetounifyShucompletely.IfhefoughtagainsttheNorthwhiletheNanmanpeoplerebelled,thentheNanmanpeoplewouldmarchfurtherandperhapsevenpressintoareassurroundingthecapital.SoratherthanembarkingonaNorthernCampaign,ZhugeLiangledanarmytopacifythesouthfirst.MaSu(MaLiang'sbrother)proposedtheplanthatZhugeLiangshouldworktowardgettingtherebelstojoinhimratherthankillingallofthemandhetookthisplan.ZhugeLiangdefeatedtherebelleader,MengHuo,sevendifferenttimes,butreleasedhimeachtime,inordertoachievehisgenuinesurrender.Duringthiscampaignhegotsickfromthepoisonmarshesinthearea.Luckily,hewashealedtogoodhealth,butpossiblytheeffectsofthissicknesscontinuedtoailhimlater,duringtheNorthernExpeditions.Finally,MengHuoagreedtojoinZhugeLianginagenuineaquiescence,andthusZhugeLiangappointedMengHuogovernoroftheregion,sohecouldgovernitashealreadyhad,keepingthepopulacecontent,andkeepingSouthernShubordersecuretoallowforthefutureNorthernExpeditions.sevenescapementMenghuo(七擒孟获)TheNothernexpeditions(北伐)•ZhugeLiangpersuadedJiangWei,ageneralofKingdomofWei,todefecttotheKingdomofShuduringhisfirstNorthernExpedition.JiangwouldbecomeoneoftheprominentShugenerals,andinheritorofZhugeLiang'sbattlestrategies.JiangWeicontinuedtocarryonZhugeLiang'sidealsandfightfortheKingdomofShuafterZhugeLiang'sdeathin234.InZhugeLiang'slatteryears,helaunchedexpeditionsagainsttheWeifivetimes,butallfailed,mostoftenduetopalaceintriguecausinghimtoreturntothecapital,ratherthanfailureonthebattlefield.hisonlypermanentgainwastheadditionoftheWuduandYinPingprefecturesaswellasrelocatingWeicitizenstoShuonoccasion.Onthefifthexpedition,hediedofoverworkandillnessinanarmycampinBattleofWuzhangPlain.ZhugeLiangpassedThe24VolumesonMilitaryStrategy(BingFaErShiSiBian)toJiangWeiattheevSixqimountain(六出祁山)Legacy•woodenoxandfloatinghorse(木牛流马)•“KongmingDeng”(孔明灯)•arepeatingcrossbowcalledZhugeNuSomepoems•《八阵图》•功盖三分国，名高八阵图。•江流石不转，遗恨失吞吴。•《咏怀古迹》•诸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遗像肃清高。•三分割据纡筹策，万古云霄一羽毛。•伯仲之间见伊吕，指挥若定失萧曹。•运移汉祚终难复，志决身歼军务劳。ThereasonwhyIlikehim•Heisthesymbolofwisdom•Hehasastrongsenseofresponsibility•Helearned•Hismodestybutconfidence•Hisoutstandingmilitaryability•Hethatandlookingupond