英国经济PPT

2020/2/1411EconomyoftheUK2020/2/1422HistoricaloriginGreatCharterTime:InJune15,1215Purpose:Toprotectthepoliticalindependenceandeconomicinterestsofthefeudalaristocracy保障封建贵族的政治独立与经济权益primarycoverage:1.Tolimitkingship2.Toprotectthepolitical、economicandjudicialprivileges（司法特权）ofthechurchandtheseculararistocracy（世俗贵族）arenotinfringed3.Toprotectknights,freefarmersandcitizens'interests2020/2/1433Itmakesthebudwhichbredintradeandindustrialstructureoffeudalsocietycangrowupinincompatiblemother(母体）,andhasafar-reachinginfluenceontheemergenceanddevelopmentoffutureBritishcapitalism2020/2/1444ForteenthCentury——theplague（黑死病）PlagueYersiniapestis（鼠疫耶尔森氏菌）isainfectiousdisease（感染性疾病）whichspreadbyfleas,arewidelypopularamongwildrodents，isanaturalfocusinfectiondisease（自然疫源性疾病）.2020/2/1455***GreatdisasterfortheUK***PromotethetransformationofBritisheconomytomodernmodeDuetopopulationdecline,resultinginadropindemandforfood,fallingprices,andthelackoflaborleadstorisingwagecosts.Allofthesemaketraditionalaristocraticlandowners(传统贵族）faceseriousdifficultiesintheireconomicdevelopment.Partofaristocraticlandownersmakeadjustmentsintimeandchangethemodeofoperation,renttheirmanortoindividualfarmersandgiveuprentservitude(劳役制地租),Englandestatedevelopmenthascometoanend2020/2/1466MiddleofthefifthcenturyThesystemoftheslavesandWhelanserfs(维兰农奴)botharedisappearSomefarmerscontractmoreland,managemoreagriculturalwiththetendencyofcapitalism,andhaveexcesscashtolendoutotherpovertyfarmers,graduallyformedyeomanfarmer(约曼农）.1.Yeoman‘smeaninginMiddleEnglish(中古英语)istheyoungpeopleandtheattendants2.Itistheadvancedpeasantclass(农民阶级）2020/2/1477LatefifteenthCentury——Enclosuremovement（圈地运动）Duringthe14thand15thcenturies,intheprocessofdisintegrationoftheserfsystem,theBritishemergingbourgeoisie（新兴的资产阶级）andnewnobility（新贵族）throughviolencetodrivepeasantsfromtheland,occupyingpeasantlandandpublicland,deprivedoffarmerslanduserightsandownership,restrictionorcancellationoftheoriginalcommoncultivatedland（共同耕地权）andlivestockright（畜牧权）,toforciblyseizeandoccupyland,intoaprivateranchandlargefarm.ThisistheenclosuremovementinBritishhistory.2020/2/1488EconomicimpactFreelaborThetransformationofagriculturetocapitalismPromotethedevelopmentofagricultureAndruralproductivitySpeeduptheprocessofBritishtownsProvideclassconditionsCatastrophe灾难Politicalimpact1.Theownershipoflandhaschanged.2.Britishclassrelationshiphaschanged3.Promotethedevelopmentoftheindustrialrevolution（工业革命）2020/2/1499SixteenthCenturytoSeventhcentury——BritishMaritimecolonization（英国海上殖民活动）HollandVSEngland“谁控制了海洋，即控制了贸易；谁控制了世界贸易，即控制了世界财富。因而控制了世界。”--[英]华尔特·雷利2020/2/141010In1584,theBritishestablishedthefirstcolonyinNorthAmerica-Virginia(accordingto:Virginiaforthevirginmeaning,becauseQueenElizabethunmarried）In1588,theBritishdefeatedHollandInvinciblefleet（荷兰无敌舰队）,expandingtheroadforoverseasexpansionIn1600,theUnitedKingdomestablishedEastIndiaCompanyIn1607,theBritishoccupiedthefirstcolonyinIndiaIn1609,1610,1619,Britainsetupit’sownbusinessstationinGambia,SuratandMadras(苏拉特、冈比亚、马德拉斯)In1619,DutchEastIndiaCompanybeatBritishEastIndiaCompany2020/2/141111CharlieThi查理一世wasexecutedin1649,theUnitedKingdomannouncedtheoccasionoftheRepublic,thesituationhaschanged.Thebourgeoisieurgently资产阶级demandstoopenupnewoverseascoloniesandbroadenoverseasmarketsTheBritish“protectorate”duringtheperiodofCromwell（克伦威尔）madetheseacontrolstrategyBritishnavalpowerfarmorethanHolland航海条例（NavigationActs）1651ThisisdoneinBritainforHolland‘sdefianceofcombatreadiness,butalsoaproductoftypicalmercantilism重商主义ThisOrdinance条例inthevariousmodelsareclearlyaimedatalargenumberofintermediariesandmaritimeHolland,itisaseriouschallengetoHolland2020/2/141212ThethreeAngloDutchwar三次英荷战争ThefirstAngloDutchwar(1652~1654)ThesecondAngloDutchwar(1665~1667)ThethirdAngloDutchwar(1672~1674)Waroutcome：Britainbegantobecomethedominantmaritime海上霸主2020/2/141313Britishslavetrade英国黑奴贸易——Britainistheworld'slargestslavetradecountry大海的深处，泥泞的沙里，躺着被人遗忘了的，锁着铁链的人骸，在死沉沉的黑暗里，闪烁这不幸的奴隶的白骨，他们从漆黑的巨浪里，大声呼唤“我们是证人”！2020/2/141414BackgroundAftertheopeningofthenewroute（新航路开辟）,thefirstPortugal,Spainembarkedonthepathoftheexpansionofthecolony,theUnitedKingdom,FranceandHollandalsotooktheroadofcolonialplunder.Triangulartrade三角贸易SlavetradersfromEurope,sailedtoAfrica,inAfricathroughvariousdirtywaytocaptureblack,theyputslavestransportedtotheAmericas,theblackslavessoldtoAmericanplantationowners,thenthegoldintheAmericasandindustrialrawmaterialsshippedbacktoEurope.Thisiscalledtriangulartrade,thefirstoftheslavetradewerethePortuguese,buttheBritishcamefrombehindtobecometheexecutivesofthetriangulartrade.奴隶贩子从欧洲出发，乘船到达非洲，在非洲通过各种卑鄙的方式俘获黑人之后，他们把黑奴运往美洲，把黑奴卖给美洲的种植园主，然后，再把美洲的黄金和工业原料运回欧洲。这就是被称为一本万利的“三角贸易”，最先进行奴隶贸易的是葡萄牙人，但英国人后来居上，成为“三角贸易”的主要经营者。2020/2/1415152020/2/141616Britainisthefirstcountrytobanblackslavetrade.BroughtalotofwealthtotheUK,thepowerofthebourgeoisie资产阶级expandedquickly,andacceleratedtheoutbreakofBritishbourgeoisrevolution英国资产阶级革命andindustrialrevolution工业革命Impact2020/2/141717EighteenthCentury——TheBritishIndustrialRevolution英国工业革命Paraphrase释义