六、从句引导词的确定

从句引导词的确定从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句②在从句中作某种成分答题依据：看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义（一）主语从句引导词：从属连词—that,whether连接代词—what,which,who,whom连接副词—when,where,why,how1Thatheisalwaysreadytohelpothersisknowntoall.2Insomecountries,____iscalled“equality”doesn’treallymeanequalrightforequalpeople.AwhichBwhatCthatDone答案B（二）宾语从句引导词：从属连词—that,whether,if连接代词—what,which,who,whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)连接副词—when,where,why,how1Bysuccess,Idon’tmean___usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.AwhatisBthatweCasyouDallis2Weagreedtoaccept___theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.AwhicheverBwhoeverCwhateverDwhomever3Thebasicfeaturesofcommunicationprocessareidentifiedinonequestion:whosays___throughwhatchanneltowhom?AwhatBhowCwhenDsuch4AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonders___willhappenonherprivatelife.AthisBthatCitDwhat5Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto___comefirst.AwhoeverBwhomeverCwhoDwhom答案：ABADA（三）表语从句引导词：从属连词—that,whether,if连接代词—what,which,who,whom连接副词—when,where,why,howThat’swhattheydid./whyIdidn’tcome.Thequestioniswhetherweshallstayornot./howwecangetthere./whoheis./whomheislookingfor.Thereasonis(that)heisill.（四）同位语从句引导词：从属连词—that,whether连接副词—when,where,why,howthat—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。常见先行词有：idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,question…以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词（句中要用虚拟语气）Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresults.Therewasthequestionwhereweweretogo.whatweweretodo.whenweweretostart.howwecouldgetthere.whyweshouldhelpthem.区别：同位语从句—解释、说明先行词定语从句—修饰、限定先行词1Therearesigns___restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhose2Themerefact____mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy答案AC(五)定语从句1定语从句引导词起三个作用：①连接作用②在从句中作某种成分③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）2引导词：关系代词—that,which,who,whom,as,whose关系副词—when,where,why→介词+关系代词whichn.短语+从句：themoment/eachtime/thedistance…+…that,which:先行词为事、物，在句中可作主语、宾语；who,whom：先行词为人，在句中可作主语、宾语；whose：先行词为人、事、物，在句中作定语；as—先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such--引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichImetherforthefirsttime.Thatwastheyearwhen/inwhichhewasborn.Thisistheroomwheretheylivedfortenyears.that/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.①Thisisthecity___________.AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmostCImostliketovisitDImostliketovisitit②Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,____overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat③Thehours____thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithTVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhich答案：BAC3只用that：①先行词既包括人又包括物②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词本身为指物不定代词/复合不定代词时③先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时④先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰时⑤先行词为疑问pron.时Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim?Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.4介词+关系代词不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.解题依据：①介词与关系代词（即先行词）为固定搭配②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配①Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.AtoBforCinDfrom②Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent____whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.AfromBtoCforDwith③Iboughtadozeneggs,____brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthedoor.AsixeggsBsixeggsofthemCsixofthemDsixofwhich④Heintroducedmetohisstudents,___offeredtogowithmeasaguide.AoneofthemBonestudentConeofwhomDoneofwhich⑤Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.AalloftheirhomesBalltheirhomesCwhoseallhomesDallofwhosehomes⑥Thisisthetheory____whichhisexperimentisbased.AfromBtoConDfor答案：ABDCDC（六）状语从句1时间状语从句常见引导词：when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,assoonas,once,each/everytime…nosooner…than…hardly/scarcely…when…考点：when—“正在这时…before/after:Itisalongtimebefore/after…since:Itis/was…since…（完成时）…until/till①not…until…②强调句式：Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句③not提到句首，句子倒装→Notuntil+时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句nosooner…than…&hardly/scarcely…when…①时态：主句--过去完成时；从句--过去时②否定副词提到句首，句子要部分倒装1)Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes____Iheardvoices.AasBwhenCafterDwhile2)Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill____weallsatdowntorest.AwhenBthenCthanDuntil3)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue___itcomestoclassroomtests.AwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter4)Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime____theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.AbeforeBuntilCsinceDafter5)Youseethelightning____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.AtheinstantBforaninstantContheinstantDinaninstant6)Itwasalmost10years___Ihadseenherlasttime.AbeforeBafterCwhenDsince答案：BCAAAD2地点状语从句常见引导词：where,whereverBoysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.3原因状语从句常见引导词：because,as,for（并列句）,since,that,inthat,nowthatseeing(that)…;given(that)…Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.Givenherinterestinchildren/Given(that)sheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.Seeing(that)hewasbetter,theydidn’tsendforthedoctor.because着重指直接的原因或理由，