高考英语语法大全

句法词法句子种类：简单句并列句复合句其他返回简单句陈述句:用来说明事实或说话人的看法疑问句:用来提出问题祈使句:用来表示请求、命令感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情返回简单句的六种基本句型：１、主＋系动词＋表。２、主＋不及物动词。３、主＋及物动词＋单宾语。４、主＋及物动词＋双宾语。５、主＋及物动词＋复合宾语。６、Thereis/are+某人／某物＋某地／某时.返回系动词1.Be：e.g.Thatcarisveryexpensive.Jackisanengineer.2.带有动词be含义的其他连系动词：e.g.Hestayed(continuedtobe)veryquiet.Thetemperaturehasstayedhotthisweek.3.表示感觉状态的连系动词：e.gThegirllooksfine.Theplansoundsperfect.4.表示状态转变的动词：e.g.Theboygrew/becametaller.It’sgettingcold.返回“双宾语”及物动词：ask、bring、buy、call、do、get、give、lend、offer、send、teach、telle.g.Igavetheoldmansomemoney.Shesentmeaparcelofclothes.HetoldmethenewsaboutPaul.Theyboughtmealotofbooks.双宾语顺序：“人”间直“物”“物”to/for“人”e.g.Igavesomemoneytotheoldman.Theyboughtalotofbooksforme.返回返回“复合宾语”及物动词：believe、call、choose、consider、find、make、prove、see、thinke.g.Allofusbelievedhimmistaken.Weconsiderhimverycapable.TheymadeSmiththeirspokesman.(代言人)Ithoughtitamostinterestingbook.试比较：Ifoundanovel.Ifoundhimanovel.Ifoundthenovelveryinteresting.{疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意/附加疑问句返回一般疑问句一般疑问句一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。其基本结构为：1.Be+主+表+……?2.Do/Does/Did+主+do+……?3.Have/Has/Had+主+done+……?4.Can+主+do+……?返回注意否定问句：—Haven’tyougotadictionary?—Yes,Ihave.（不，我有。）—No,Ihaven’t.（是的，我没有。）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以疑问词开始的疑问句。用陈述句来回答。其基本结构为：How/Wh-+一般疑问句？e.g.Howdoyougotoschool?Wheredoyouwork?注意混合疑问句：Whatdoyouthink/suppose+主+谓（+其他）?返回选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫做选择疑问句。它的结构是“一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。e.g.Isherbrotheradoctororateacher?Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?ShallwegotothecinemaonSaturdayoronSunday?返回反意/附加疑问句反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分用否定形式；前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。附加疑问句要注意的问题：1、陈述部分的have作“有”讲时；Youhaveanewbike,don’t/haven’tyou?2、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句；转下页1).Youmust(必须)gonow,needn’tyou?2).Youmustn’t(不允许)smoke,mustyou?3).Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?Youmusthavegonetothecinemalastnight,didn’tyou?Youmustbetired,aren’tyou?3、usedto的反意疑问句；Theoldmanusedtosleeptenhoursaday,usedn’t/didn’the?4、oughtto的反意疑问句；Heoughttocome,oughtn’tshouldn’the?转下页5.Heseldomgoestothecinema,doeshe?6.Shedislikestheidea,doesn’the?7.Onecan’tbecarefulenough,canone/he?8.Thesearenotyourbooks,arethey?9.Everythinggoeswell,doesn’tit?10.Everybodyagreeswithhim,doesn’the/don’tthey?返回11.Shesaidshewouldbebacksoon,didn’tshe?Idon’tbelieve(that)hewillcome,willhe?12.LearningEnglishwelltakesalongtime,isn’tit?13.Givemeahand,won’t/willyou?Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe?Letusgonow,willyou?14.Therewon’tbeanytrouble,willthere?祈使句1、肯定祈使句；2、否定祈使句；3、以let开头的祈使句；4、带主语的祈使句返回Becareful!Stoptalking!Don’t/Neveropenthewindow.Let’sgonow.Letmehaveatry.1)Tom,youfeedthebird!2)You,boys,sweepthefloor,andyou,girls,cleanthewindows.3)Youmindyourownbusiness!Don’tyoubelate!(不高兴，厌烦)4)Bequiet,everyone.Somebodyanswerthephone!(…………,willyou?)感叹句基本构成方式：返回1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+S+V!2.How+adj.+a/an+n.(单)+S+V!3.How+adj./adv.+S+V!省略形式的感叹句：Whatgoodadvicehegaveus!Whatanicedayitis!Howcleveragirlsheis!Howniceadayitis!Howhardtheyworked!1).Howtheyworked!2).Whatalovelyday!Howwonderful!并列句两个或两个以上的单句，可以用并列连词连接，从而形成并列句。常用的并列连词，根据所连接的上下文的逻辑关系，可以分为以下几类：1、表示增补关系的并列连词：2、表示选择关系的并列连词：3、表示转折关系的并列连词：4、表示因果关系的并列连词：返回and,both…and,neither…nor,not…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas,etc.or,orelse,otherwise,either…or,whether…orbut,whilefor,soe.g.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn’t.Wemusthurry,otherwisewe’llbelate.复合句名词性从句定语从句状语从句返回名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句返回引导词主语从句主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常用it作形式主语的句型有：1).Itbe+形(certain,likely,etc.)+that从句。2).Itbe+名词词组(nowonder,etc.)+that从句。3).Itbe+过去分词(said,thought,etc.)+that从句。4).Itseem/happen,etc.+that从句。5).Itdoesn’tmatter/makesnodifference+wh-从句。6).当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。返回e.g.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.e.g.It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.e.g.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.e.g.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.e.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometommorrow?宾语从句1）、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。2）、连词that引导的从句很少作介词宾语，只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。3）、某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,pleased,certain,happy,afraid,etc.连词that可省略。转下页e.g.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.e.g.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.We’llseetoitthatshegetshomeearly.e.g.Motherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexam.I’mafraidyoudon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.4）、用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而要用whether来引导。试比较：Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.(宾从或状从)Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.5）、介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。e.g.Areyousorryforwhatyou’vedone?6）、宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将等think动词变为否定形式。如：e.g.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?7）、suggest,order,demand等动词后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。返回表语从句同位语从句1）、能接表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如：e.g.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.2）、连词because可引导表语从句。如：e.g.Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear等。如：e.g.Thereisnodoubtthattheywillwin.Hehadnoideawhenshewouldcomeback.返回引导词连词：that,whether/if连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,wh-ever连接副词：why,when,wher