新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材(修订版)综合教程1 Unit6_Is_an_Only_Chil

Unit6Isanonlychildalonelychild?StepIStepIIStepIIIStepIVStepVDoyouknowtheterms?anonly/singlechildsingle-childfamily/parentssiblingjealousy,favoritismDINKsingle-parentfamilydivorcedfamilyemptynestfamilyhomefortheaged•one-child/only-childcertificate•controlthepopulationgrowth;improvethepopulationquality•latemarriageandlatechildbirth;fewerandbetterbirthOneChildPolicy•TheChinesegovernmentofficiallyrestrictsmarried,urbancouplestohavingonlyonechild,althoughitallowsexemptionsforseveralcases,includingruralcouples,ethnicminorities,andparentswithoutanysiblingsthemselves.•Approximately35.9%ofChina'spopulationiscurrentlysubjecttotheone-childrestriction.TheSpecialAdministrativeRegionsofHongKongandMacauarecompletelyexemptfromthepolicy.AlsoexemptfromthislawareforeignerslivinginChina.CHINA’SONECHILDPOLICYChina’sOneChildpolicyisapolicythattheChinesegovernmentintroducedin1979totryandsolvetheproblemofoverpopulation.It’smainpurposewastomakesurethatChinacouldsupportitslargepopulationwithfacilitiessuchashealthcare,education,housing,goodjobsandmostimportantly,food.Theaimwastoreducepovertyandtoimproveoverallqualityoflifeforthepeople.CHINA’SONECHILDPOLICYThePolicyisstrictlyenforcedwiththreemainfactors.Theseare:Favouringdelayedmarriageanddelayedchildbirth;Favouringfewerandhealthierbirths,ratherthanmoreunsuccessfulones;Layingdowntheruleofonechildpercouple.WORLD’SCHILDPOLICY当今，世界各国对本国的人口生育政策大致分为三类。第一类是实行鼓励生育人口的国家;第二类是计划生育人口的国家;第三类是既不鼓励也不限制、随其自然生育的国家。第一类国家有日本、俄罗斯和西班牙等西欧国家。这些国家经济大都比较发达。第二类国家有世界第一人口大国中国和第二人口大国印度等。第三类国家有美国以及多数发展中国家。WORLD’SCHILDPOLICY联合国：全球人口增势放缓美国：人口高速度增长德国：妇产医院里就缺婴儿法国：政府补贴生育挪威：孕产期享受全额工资新加坡：孕妇享受“星级待遇”俄罗斯：死亡率是出生率的1.6倍印度：为控制人口出怪招西班牙：全社会鼓励生育韩国：出现了人口高峰期埃及：推行计划生育难墨西哥：已过生育高峰日本：人口百年连降两次马其顿：人口增长率出现停滞也门：妇女人均生育率达6．1人Tipskeepspopulationdownmoreloveandattentionfreedomgoodeducationmoreopportunitieslessfinancialburden…ageingpopulationGenderimbalancespoiled“littleemperors”self-centeredlackofindependenceLonely…IfeverycoupleinChinahadtwochildren,Chinawouldhavebeeninpovertynow.100%ofattentionParentswouldpayalloftheirattentiontotheonlychild.Itisgoodforchild’sdevelopment.FreedomMaybetheolderbrotherorsisterwouldinterferewiththeyoungerbrotherorsister’sdailylife.single-childmaybehasmorefreedom.keepspopulationdownTheOneChildPolicyishavingnegativeeffectsonChina’spopulationtoo.Therewillsoonbe,andalreadyisasignofanageingpopulationwhichwillmeanthegovernmentwillhavetoputmoremoneyontohealthcareandpensionswithfeweryoungstersaroundtocarryoutthework.Bytheyear2025,thepercentageofover65sinChinacouldreach30%andinsteadofthetraditionalmethodofchildrencaringfortheirelders,China’selderlywillhavetobeputintosocialretirementcareastherewon’tbeenoughyoungsterstosupportthem.U.N.Projection:RAPIDPROCESSOFPOPULATIONAGINGINCHINA联合国的预测:中国人口快速老龄化MuchFasterIncreaseinProportionofElderlyPersonsthaninDevelopedCountries中国老年人口占总人口的比例增长速度大大快于发达国家Figure1.NumberofYearsItTakesfortheElderlyPopulationAged65+toIncreasefrom10%to20%65+岁老人占总人口比例从10%增加到20%的年数ExtremelyRapidIncreaseof“OldestOld”Persons高龄老人增长速度更快Figure2.Internationalcomparisonofaverageannualincreaserates(%)ofelderlypopulations老年人口年增长率的国际比较Childrenarebecomingfartoospoilt!Parentsaretreatingtheironlychildrenlikeroyalty,andobese,demandingboysarebeingseenfartoooftennowandtheywillhavebigproblemswhentheyreachtheirteens.Genderimbalance:ThepolicyisseriouslyaffectingChina’ssexratio.Sincethe1980s,ourratiohasbecomecompletelydisfiguredandthemaletofemaleratioisnow120:100.Somuchforkillingofbabygirlsandanincreaseinabortionrates.Chinacouldhavecompletelydevastatedit’sfutureastherewillsoonbeashortageinthenumberofyoungfertilewomenandthentherewillbeevenfewerbirths.Whatadisaster!EVALUATION:Overall,China’sOneChildpolicyhasultimatelydonewhatitsetouttodo.However,itcannotbehailedasuccessastherehavealsobeensomeseriousconsequencesincludingalackoffertilewomenwithinthemiddleagegroup,ariseinthenumberofunregisteredchildrenandahostofotherproblems.Chinamayhavebegantocontrolit’spopulation,buthasitreallysolvedtheproblemofbringthecountryuptodateandcreatedabetterstandardoflivingforitspeople?•Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Howdoyoufeelaboutit?StructureAnalysis•MainIdea?•Whatkindofwritingdoesthistextbelongto?•Howaretheparagraphsconnected?Whattransitionsareused?Whatdotheymean?•Whatistheauthor’stonelike?why?•writingtechnique?•PartDivision1.Mainidea/Theme•Thispieceofexpositionisconcernedwiththe______________________________________ofhavingonlyonechildinafamily.Thequestionof____________________________________inan_______tone—itisalways______________toeachsetofparentsbecauseof______________________theyareunder;oncetheydecide,bothofthemshouldbe________.prosandcons/advantagesanddisadvantagesadifficultdecisionthedifferentcircumstancesconfidentwhetherornottohaveasecondchildisdiscussedobjective2Tipsonwritingadiscussionessay•Choiceofyourtopic.--Besuretohaveaccesstogoodresearchthatprovidespertinentinformation.•Outlineofyouressay.--Besuretoincludebothsidesofthe