您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 经营企划 > 大学英语语法精讲【重点、考点全涵盖】
语法部分第一讲虚拟语气I.考点分析:虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考察历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有:1.虚拟语气的形式:分清虚拟时间和主句、从句所使用的动词形式十分重要,因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比,以便于同学们记忆掌握。动词形式类型虚拟时间从句动词主句动词if条件句现在过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/might/could+have+过去分词将来should/wereto/过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形wish引导的宾从现在过去式过去had+过去分词/couldhavedone将来would/could/might+动词原形asif/though方式状语从句同wish其它动词引导的宾从(should)+动词原形主语从句(should)+动词原形表语从句(should)+动词原形同位语从句(should)+动词原形ifonly同if条件句lest,forfearthat,incaseshould+动词原形wouldrather/soonerthat现在/将来过去式过去had+过去分词Itishigh/abouttimethat过去式2.要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。例如:IfIwereinvited,Iwouldcome.Ifshewerenotill,shecoulddoalotofthings.3.if条件句中如谓语动词是were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,把它们前置。例如:Hadmyfatheralotofmoney,hewouldsendmeabroad.CouldIdoit,Iwouldsurelydoit.ShouldtheBlackDeathreappear,whatshouldwedo?(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办?)4.错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题:IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youwouldn’tbesmilingnow.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时)又如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.(从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去);Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来);Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在)5.虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如:Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore,butIhavebeenill.(=IfIhadnotbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore.);Atruefriendwouldhaveacteddifferently.(=Afriend,ifhehadbeentrue,wouldhaveacteddifferently.)6.注意介词短语without,butfor,intheabsence等表示虚拟条件。例如:Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.没有电就不会有现代工业。Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.没有你们的帮助,我们的实验时不可能成功的。7.“Wereitnotfor/Haditnotbeenfor+宾语”或“Butthat+从句”表示假设条件。例如:Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.Butthathesawit(=Ifhehadnotseenit),hecouldnothavebelievedit.8.providing,providing(that),onconditionthat,suppose,supposing引导的条件从句中,根据语意,可以用虚拟语气,有可以用陈述语气。9.常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词有:advice,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,direct(命令)insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge,move(提议,动议)等;例如:TheUnitedNationsurgedthathe(should)withdrawhistroops.(联合国敦促他撤军。)10.常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词有:advice,command,desire,determination,idea,motion,order,preference,recommendation,suggestion,insistence,proposals,request,requirement等;例如:Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(用于同位语从句)邀请他的建议被否决了。Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%.(用于表语从句)他们的要求是工资增加20%。11.用在主语从句中时其结构通常为“Itis/was+形容词或过去分词+主语从句(用虚拟语气)”,例如:Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.你有必要参加讨论。Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane.根据命令,那些药品必须空运到这儿。常见的这类形容词、分词还有:advisable(合理的),anxious(急切的),appropriate(合适的),compulsory(强制的),crucial(紧要关头的),desirable(理想的),eager,essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),impossible(不可能的),improper(不合适的),natural(自然的),obligatory(必须履行的),preferable(更好的),proper(合适的),strange(奇怪的)urgent(紧迫的),vital(至关重要的),demanded(要求的),required(要求的),suggested(建议的),desired(希望的)等。第二讲非谓语动词I.考点分析非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是四级考试的的难点。因为非谓语动词的用法很复杂,它既含有时态语态的变化、又有否定形式。例如:Heseemedtohavewaitedthereforalongtime.(不定式的完成时态)Heseemedtobewaitingforsomeone.(不定式的正在进行时)Heseemedtohavenotknowntheplaceverywell.(不定式的完成时态的否定形式)Heseemedtohavebeentoldaboutit.(不定式的被动语态)一、非谓语动词不同形式的基本用法。1.现在分词可以用作状语、定语和表语。例如:Thefilmisexciting.(表语)Theexcitingfilmattractedthechildrenverymuch.(定语)Havingfinishedthehomework,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.(状语)Theproblembeingdiscussediswhattheyareconcernedwith.(定语)2.过去分词的用法与现在分词大体相当,可以用作状语、定语和表语。只是表示的意义有所不同。例如:Childrenareexcitedatthefilm.(表语)Theexcitedchildrensanganddancedtothemidnight.(逻辑定语)Excitedatthenews,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.(状语)Thiswastheproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.(定语后置)3.不定式有两种形式:带to的不定式和不带to的不定式,不定式有进行体、完成体和被动语态。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等。Itisofimportancetohavegoodfriends.(逻辑主语)Toseeistobelieve.(主语)Iexpecthimtocomebacksoon.(宾语补语)Idon’tknowhowtogetthere.(宾语)Weneedsomeonetohelpus.(定语)Togetthereearlier,westartedat6o’clock.(状语)Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.(表语)4.动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语。Idon’tlikingtalkingwithher.(宾语)Smokingisdangerousforhealth.(主语)Herhobbyiscollectingcoins.(表语)二、四级考试中的非谓语动词考点1.非谓语动词的时态和语态Thetwobuildingsbeingrepairednowarethestudents’dormitories.(正在进行时表示动作正在发生,被动语态表示被动)Thetwobuildingsrepairedduringthesummervacationarethestudents’dormitories.(过去分词作定语,表示动作完成)Thetwobuildingstoberepairedarethestudents’dormitories.(不定式表示动作未发生,将要发生)2.非谓语动词的否定形式和物主代词的用法Notknowingwhattodonext,heaskedmeforhelp.(分词作状语的否定形式)Iregretnottellingherthenewsearlier.(动名词作宾语的否定形式)Idon’tmindyourbeinglate.(动名词作宾语的物主形式)Ipersuadehimnottostaytheretoolong.(不定式作补语的否定形式)3.现在分词和过去分词区别:现在分词表示现在和主动的意思;过去分词含有被动和完成的意思。例如;OriginallycultivatedinIndia,thebananabroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.句中主语thebanana和cultivate的关系应属被动关系,用过去分词Originallycultivated。Thelostchildwasfoundhidinginthecave.句中hidinginthecave与其主语thechild是主动关系,用现在分词。4.不定式和动名词的区别:不定式和动名词
本文标题:大学英语语法精讲【重点、考点全涵盖】
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3788042 .html