综合教程2_Unit7_Letter_to_a_B_student

$LetterToABstudentByLYY&LSMLetterToABStudentReadingReflection★Putyourgradeinperspective★Acctually★Enjoyyourcampuslife★Theauthor★Pre-readingquestions★ThestructuralanalysisAbouttheauthorYes,I'mRobertOliphant!I'm--★AnAmericanprofessor★Awriter,Acolumnist★Andevenanexecutivedirector(常务董事)In1938,IgraduatedfromWashingtonandJeffersonCollege.AbouttheauthorLater,IbecameanEnglishprofessoratCaliforniaStateUniversityatNorthridge,whichisoneofthenation’slargestpublicuniversities.AbouttheauthorAbouttheauthorMoreover,Iwasalsoavisitingprofessor(客座教授)ofEnglishandLinguistics(语言学)atStanfordUniversitywhereIhadstudiedmedievallexicography(中世纪词典学)andgotaPh.D.(博士学位).Pre-readingquestions1.whatgradesdoyoumostlygetfortheEnglishcoursesyouhavetaken?Areyouhappyordisappointedwiththegradesyouget?2.howdoyouandyourclassmatesregardthegradesyouget?Doyouthinkthegradesonegetstrulyreflecthisabilityandpotential?TextcomprehensionGradeDescription4-pointEquivalent100-pointASuperior4.096-100A-Superior3.790-95B+Good3.387-89BGood3.083-86B-Good2.780-82Paragraph1AmericangradingsystemGradeDescription4-pointEquivalent100-pointC+Satisfactory2.377-79CSatisfactory2.073-76C-Satisfactory1.770-72DPoor1.065-69FFailure0.00-64Paragraph1What’sthethemeofthispieceofwriting?Itisexplicitlystatedinthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph:toputaBstudent’sdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatthegradeBmeansanddoesn’tmean.Structuralanalysis——purposeofwriting:toputyourdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatyourgrademeansanddoesn’tmeanintroduction—distinctionbetweenthestudentasaperformerintheclassroomandthestudentasahumanbeing—perspective:thewayweshouldregardgrades★Paragraphs6–8★Paragraphs2–5★Paragraphs9–10★Paragraph1StructuralanalysisThetextisneatlystructured.Apartfromthefirstparagraph,whichintroducesthetopicofthelettertherestofthetextfallsclearlyintothreeparts.keyword:disappointmentMainidea:Gradesdonotmeaneverything.★Para2–5Structuralanalysis★Para6–8★Para9–10keyword:perspectiveMainidea:Inacomplexsocietylikeourslabelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective.keyｗｏｒｄｓ:thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeingMainidea:GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife.TextcomprehensionAdecent(得体的，正派的)grade(inthepast).Itisconsideredthat“Gentleman’sC”asanaveragegrade(平均等级)isseriouslybehindthetimes(过时，落伍),today’s“average”gradeisa“B”.Afewyearsago,the“Gentleman’sC”prevailed(流行，盛行)inuniversities.Gentleman’sagreementn.君子协定Gentlemanshipn.绅士的身份、品格★Gentleman'sCParagraph1TextcomprehensionZero-sumgame（零和游戏/博弈）：Asituationinwhichifonepersongainsanadvantageformit,someoneelseinvolvedinitmustsufferanequivalentdisadvantage.博弈论的英文名为gametheory，直译就是“游戏理论”。游戏者有输有赢，一方所赢正是另一方所输，游戏的总成绩永远是零。“零和游戏”之所以广受关注，主要是因为人们发现，在社会的方方面面都有与“零和游戏”类似的局面，胜利者的光荣后面往往隐藏着失败者的辛酸和苦涩。Positivesumgame正和游戏(“双赢”或“多赢”)Negativesumgame负和游戏(没有赢家)★Zero-sumgameParagraph2TextcomprehensionThephrasespecificallyrefersto“thesevendeadlysins”:pride,covetousness['kʌvitəsnis](贪婪),lust（色欲）,anger,gluttony（暴食）,envyandsloth（懒惰）.Eachofthesevendeadlysinshasanoppositeamongcorrespondingsevenholyvirtues.Inparallelordertothesins,thesevenholyvirtues：humanity,仁慈charity,宽容chastity,贞洁patience,temperance,节欲kindnessanddiligence.DeadlysinsParagraph2TextcomprehensionParagraph2★You'vegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthing—it’stheonlythingParaphrase:Winningisofprimaryimportance;nothingcouldbemoreimportantthanwinning.胜利不是最重要的，而是唯一重要的。TextcomprehensionParagraph2★You'vegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthing—it’stheonlythingExplanation:Thisisaspecialtypeofnegation.Theauthorisnotnegatingtheimportanceofwinning;rather,withthesentencethatfollowsthenegativeone,theauthorgivestheutmostemphasistotheimportanceofwinning.TextcomprehensionParagraph2★Tolose,tofail,togounder,togobroke…inthefuture.Paraphrase:Beingunsuccessfulinone’slifeandcareerandfinanciallydisadvantagedisregardedasshamefulorevensinfulbecauseinthisworldpeopletendtothinkthatonlythosewhoaresuccessfulnowcanbesavedfromevilinthefuture.失利失败，倾家荡产是很可怕的过错，因为在当今世界，人们认为眼下的兴隆发达预示着将来必能从困境中脱身。TextcomprehensionParagraph3★putsthinperspective★takesthatfacevalueExplanation:putsthinperspective:tojudgetherealimportanceofsthbyconsideringitinrelationtootherthings正确对待takesthatfacevalue:toacceptsthforwhatitappearstobe从表面上看TextcomprehensionParagraph4★Lackingmoreprecisemeassurementtools,wemustinterpretyourB……masteryofthesubject.没有更为精准的测量工具，我们至多只能把你的成绩当做一个相对模糊的标记，它仅代表着你对这门学科的掌握程度，只是一个值得质疑的评价。Itmeansthatwecan’tfindmoreexactwaystoassessyourgrade.SoyourBjustshowshowwellyoubehaveinthissubject,notsoclearly.Paraphrase:TextcomprehensionParagraph5★Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued.Explanation:Certainly,itissoeasytotranslate,butalsosohardtodo.Weputithere,justbecauseitseemslikeamotto,right?Wisheveryoneherecantryhimselfassaidinthesentenseandthenbevalued.TextcomprehensionParagraph5★YourBisapricetagonagarmentthatisquiteseparatefromtheliving,breathinghumanbeingunderneath.Explanation:Yes,thisisametaphor(隐喻).Asyoucansee,theauthormake“apricetag”ametaphorfor“yourB”.You