宾语从句_表语从句讲解

nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/become/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.OBJECTCLAUSES宾语从句M3U3Grammar1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?Weareexcitedthatwewinthetugofwar.宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,也可位于表示情感的形容词之后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。E.g.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态如何区分宾语从句？Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisverykind.主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe、consider、imagine、expect等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。Ithinkchickencanswim（变否定句）Idon’tthinkchickencanswimHesaidthathewouldgoshopping（变否定句）Hesaidthathewouldnotgoshopping1.Wewonderhowweshalldo.2.Couldyoutellmewheretheyare?3.Webelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirtask,haven’twe?4.IamsorrythatIdidn’tknowyouwanttojointheParty.找出下列句中的宾语从句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.Hedoesn’tdoubt(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmoves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略aroundthesunTHAT——不能省略的2种情况（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.（1）当that作介词except,in宾语时•Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.•IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)MrLiliveshere只能用WHETHER不能用IF的情况1.在介词后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在动词不定式前(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.PRACTICETIMEif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：e.g.Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语否定的转移若主句为第一人称（I或We)，谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？②如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn'tshe?她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？Youthinkyoucan‘tgetup,don’tyou?你认为你起不来，是吗？Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。•Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.•Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.•Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysin