英语简单句5种基本类型 公开课

简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)WhatkindsofEnglishsentencesdoyouknow?简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语):1.Tomlikesrockmusic.2.TomandJohnarefondofrockmusic.3.Tomsatdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.▲▲特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。1.含“是”意义的有：2.表感知状态的有3.表示状态变化的有：4.表状态延续的有：常见的系动词有哪些？feel,smell,taste,sound,look;become,get,grow,turn,go,run,fall;remain,keep,stay;be,seem,prove……1.________________主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)★系动词的用法:(注意三点)+___________作表语;无__________;无__________;e.g.Thedish________________.(尝起来好吃)Thestory_______________.(听起来有趣).adj.宾语被动语态tastesdelicioussoundsinteresting主系表S+V+P1.Youareveryhappy.2.Everythinglooksnice.3.Theweatherbecamecolderandcolder.beautifulCorrectmistakes:1.Hervoicesoundsbeautifully.2.Jimwasremainedaworker.2.________________Ourchalkhasrunout.Onhearingthenews,hecheered.★经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）:“发生”__________;__________;__________;__________“用完,用光”________;________.....★不及物动词的用法:无__________,无_________主语+谓语(S+V)happenoccurtakeplacebreakoutrunoutgiveout宾语被动语态(1)Theteacherwasspeaking.2．每天八点开始上课。(begin)everyday.Classesbeginateight111．明天她会过来。(come)Shewillcometomorrow.fiveyearsago.2．五年前我住在武汉。(live)IlivedinWuhan1、TranslationDoyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?＼2、Correctthemistake基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语(即该动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。此时，这类动词叫做及物动词或者短语。常见的及物动词有：like,enjoy,desire,expect,lookfor,takecareof等等。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVo2020/2/16131．昨晚我写了一封信。2．这本书我已经读过多次了。Iwrotealetterlastnight.Ihavereadthisbookmanytimes.Translation基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为：e.g.ShegaveTomanapple.Iboughthimapenyesterday.主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾=ShegaveanappletoTom.=Sheboughtapenforhim基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶ（及物）Iｏ（多指人）DＯ（多指物）1.I2.Heshowedboughthimmemypictures.abeautifulskirt.若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to或for。Heboughtmeabeautifulskirt.Heboughtabeautifulskirtforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,offer,pass,pay,teach,tell,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,find,get,等。181.今年刘老师教我们数学。(teach)2．昨晚她给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。(tell)3.你能把那本字典递给我吗？(pass)Mr.Liuteachesusmathsthisyear.Shetoldusaninterestingstorylastnight.Couldyoupassmethedictionary?基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：此类结构能表达成—（宾语）是…/要做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.主谓宾宾补Iheardhimsinging.1.Isawhimwritingaletter.2.Ifindmathsdifficult.3.WecallherLily.4.FatheraskedmetoturnofftheTV.分析下列句子的结构及其成分。1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)更正下列句子的错误Exercises:1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Myfatherboughtabooktome.1.Hecameintotheroom.2.Themusicsoundswonderful.3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Myfatherboughtabookforme.Exercises:翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信。4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。1.IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.2.Maryisacleverstudent.3.Myteachergavemealetter.4.Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.5.WecallourteacherMr.Wang.6.Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾请用所学知识完成下面双向翻译,并分析句子结构。Ourclassismadeupof42members.Thisisabigfamily.Wealwayshelpeachother.Ourmonitorisaboy.Hestudiesveryhard.Wecallhimbookworm,1.________________andheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我们都很喜欢他。2._________________Ourclassishappygroup,3.____________whichisfulloflaughter.Eachteacheriswillingtohelpussolvetheproblemsbothinstudyandlife.英语老师经常给我们讲有趣的故事。4.______________________Toenteranidealuniversity,weworktogether,5._________makeprogresstogetherandtryourbesttoachieveourdreams.