运营管理-生产系统

1生产系统MRP物料需求计划JIT准时生产制SynchronousManufacturing同步制造和约束理论几种生产系统的比较2物料需求计划MaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP)物料需求计划MRPLogicandProductStructureTrees逻辑与生产结构树MRPIIERP3物料需求计划定义20世纪60年代中期美国IBM公司的管理专家奥利佛（Joseph．A.Orlicky）提出了各种物料间相关需求的概念以及分时间段来确定不同时段物料需求的思想MRP是一个将产品生产展开为部件，零件和物料的数量的方法MRP提供了时间进度信息详细的说明了每个物料，部件，零件什么时候应该被下达订单或被生产。非独立的需求驱动MRPMRP是一个软件系统4在制造中的角色Exhibit17.15MRP在ERP系统里的角色Exhibit17.26物料清单BillofMaterial(BOM)File物料清单物料清单是一个部件，零件和原材料的单子，及其各自的在生产具体的最终的产品所需要的数量。同时，也是生产结构树7MRP逻辑和生产结构树的例子B(4)E(1)D(2)C(2)F(2)D(3)A装配产品A的生产结构树LeadTimesA1dayB2daysC1dayD3daysE4daysF1dayTotalUnitDemandDay1050ADay820B(备用件)Day615D(备用件)下面给出产品A的生产结构树、提前期和需求信息。提出一个物料需求计划决定没个零部件的数量和需求时间8LT=1day首先，A的数量向前计划以满足他们的提前期。所以，在下面的物料需求计划，我们应该在第9天放置一个50单位的A以便在第10天获得它们。MRP逻辑和生产结构树的例子Day:12345678910A需求量50订货量509Day:12345678910A需求量50订单量50B需求量20200订单量20200B(4)E(1)D(2)C(2)F(2)D(3)A备用件LT=24x50=200接下来，我们需要开始计划组成A的零部件。每个A我们需要4个B，需要50个A就意味着200个B.再一次，我们为2天的提前期安排进度计划。10Day:12345678910A需求量50LT=1订单量50B需求量20200LT=2订单量20200C需求量100LT=1订单量100D需求量55400300LT=3订单量55400300E需求量20200LT=4订单量20200F需求量200LT=1订单量200B(4)E(1)D(2)C(2)F(2)D(3)A40+15备用件零件D:Day6©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,20011011MaterialRequirementsPlanningSystem物料需求计划系统物料需求计划基于主生产进度计划产生进度识别生产最终产品所需要的具体零部件和物料决定精确的需要数目基于提前期，决定订单所需物料的发放时间1212©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2004已知客户的固定订单随机客户的预测需求总体生产计划BillofmaterialFile物料清单EngineeringdesignChanges工程设计变换Inventoryrecordfile库存记录InventoryTransactions库存交易MasterproductionSchedule(MPS)主生产计划Primaryreports主报告Secondaryreports次报告Plannedorderscheduleforinventoryandproductioncontrol库存和生产控制的进度计划Exceptionreports特别报告Planningreports计划报告Reportsforperformancecontrol绩效控制报告Materialplanning(MRPcomputerprogram)物料计划MRP举例A(2)B(1)D(5)C(2)XC(3)项目现有提前期(周)X502A753B251C102D202需求:第十周提供95件X(80件订单;15件预测)A(2)XDay:12345678910X毛需求95LT=2计划收到计划存货量50505050505050505050On-净需求45hand计划收到4550订单发送45AGrossrequirements90LT=3ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance7575757575757575On-Netrequirements15handPlannedorderreceipt1575Plannerorderrelease15BGrossrequirements45LT=1ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance2525252525252525On-Netrequirements20handPlannedorderreceipt2025Plannerorderrelease20CGrossrequirements4540LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance1010101010On-Netrequirements3540handPlannedorderreceipt354010Plannerorderrelease3540DGrossrequirements100LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance20202020202020On-Netrequirements80handPlannedorderreceipt8020Plannerorderrelease80Ittakes2A’sforeachXDay:12345678910XGrossrequirements95LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance50505050505050505050On-Netrequirements45handPlannedorderreceipt4550Plannerorderrelease45AGrossrequirements90LT=3ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance7575757575757575On-Netrequirements15handPlannedorderreceipt1575Plannerorderrelease15BGrossrequirements45LT=1ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance2525252525252525On-Netrequirements20handPlannedorderreceipt2025Plannerorderrelease20CGrossrequirements4540LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance1010101010On-Netrequirements3540handPlannedorderreceipt354010Plannerorderrelease3540DGrossrequirements100LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance20202020202020On-Netrequirements80handPlannedorderreceipt8020Plannerorderrelease80B(1)A(2)XIttakes1BforeachXA(2)B(1)XC(3)Day:12345678910XGrossrequirements95LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance50505050505050505050On-Netrequirements45handPlannedorderreceipt4550Plannerorderrelease45AGrossrequirements90LT=3ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance7575757575757575On-Netrequirements15handPlannedorderreceipt1575Plannerorderrelease15BGrossrequirements45LT=1ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance2525252525252525On-Netrequirements20handPlannedorderreceipt2025Plannerorderrelease20CGrossrequirements4540LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance1010101010On-Netrequirements3540handPlannedorderreceipt354010Plannerorderrelease3540DGrossrequirements100LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance20202020202020On-Netrequirements80handPlannedorderreceipt8020Plannerorderrelease80Ittakes3C’sforeachAA(2)B(1)D(5)C(2)XC(3)Day:12345678910XGrossrequirements95LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance50505050505050505050On-Netrequirements45handPlannedorderreceipt4550Plannerorderrelease45AGrossrequirements90LT=3ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance7575757575757575On-Netrequirements15handPlannedorderreceipt1575Plannerorderrelease15BGrossrequirements45LT=1ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance2525252525252525On-Netrequirements20handPlannedorderreceipt2025Plannerorderrelease20CGrossrequirements4540LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance1010101010On-Netrequirements3540handPlannedorderreceipt354010Plannerorderrelease3540DGrossrequirements100LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance20202020202020On-Netrequirements80handPlannedorderreceipt8020Plannerorderrelease80Ittakes5D’sforeachBA(2)B(1)C(2)XC(3)Day:12345678910XGrossrequirements95LT=2ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance50505050505050505050On-Netrequirements45handPlannedorderreceipt4550Plannerorderrelease45AGrossrequirements90LT=3ScheduledreceiptsProj.avail.balance7575757575757575On-Netrequire