安徽专升本英语语法知识

GrammarFocus1.请试着翻译此句：储存在人脑的信息似乎永远不会失去。2.请试着找出下页句中的主语和谓语：ThelargepartwhichwarplayedinEnglishaffairs,thefactthatthecontrolofthearmyandnavywasinthehandsofthosewhospokeFrench,andthecircumstancesthatmuchofEnglishfightingwasdoneinFranceallresultedintheintroductionintoEnglishofanumberofFrenchmilitaryterms.1.1.a.n.ahumorousmanagloriousvictoryadiligentstudentadisgustingperson1.2.ger.n.ateachingbuilding(abuildingusedforteaching)asleepingbag(abagusedforsleep)1.3.p.pr.n.asleepingboy(aboywhoissleeping)theexploitingclass(theclassthatexploitsotherpeople)boilingwater(thewaterwhichisboiling)fallingleaves(theleaveswhicharefalling)1.4.p.p.n.boiledwater(waterwhichhasbeenboiled)fallenleaves(leaveswhichhavefallen)theoppressedpeople(thepeoplewhoareoppressed)arespectedwriter(awriterwhoisrespected)1.5.n.n.作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。1.材料adiamondnecklacepapermoneyastonebridge2.用途tradeunionwaterpipeeyedrops3.时间thedinnerpartyeveningsuit4.地点Londonhotelsbodytemperaturethekitchenwindow5.内容astorybooktheairpressurethegrammarrules6.类别childreneducationenemysoldiersabusdriverChinaConstructionBank2.1.1.n.+todo/tobedoneIhavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.akeytounlockthedoortheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondonin20122.1.2.todoinglookforwardtodoingbe/getused/accustomedtodoinginadditiontodoingdevote/bedevoted/dedicate/bededicated…todoingobjecttodoingbeaverse/opposedtodoingbesubject/subjectedtodoingcontributetodoingmakeacontribution/contributionstodoing2.2.n.+p.pr.phraseaboysleepingonthegrassthesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainTheministersobjectingtotheproposaltheprogramrunninginthefirstmodule2.3.n.+p.p.phrasethefunctioncalledbythemainprogramtheairportdestroyedbytornadotheinformationstoredinthehumanbrain2.4.n.+adj.phrasethesenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently2.5.n.+prep.phrasetheinformationinthehumanbrainthecalculatoronthedeskThediscoveriesduringthevoyage3.1.restrictiveadjectiveclauseanunknownadj.restrictiveclause试翻译:1.燃烧是一种发光的、发热的化学反应。2.赖昌星是一个臭名昭著的人。Burningisakindofchemicalreactionwhichgivesoff/emitslightandheat.Laiisanotoriousman.or.Laiisamanwhoearns/hasanevilreputation.4.1.,…….,Tom,mycousin,isagoodman.We,ascollegestudents,shouldstudyhard.Allthetaxidrivers,whoknewthetrafficjam,changedtheirways.Wecannotcompletelysay,asmanyartistswhostudiedinParisdid,thatmodernpaintingisnothing.Q:Whichistheauthor’sattitudetowardmodernpainting?A:a.positiveb.negativec.neutrald.indifferentWecannotcompletelysay,asmanyprasiterswhodieogedinAthendid,thatfrgicalpaintingisnothing.Q:Whichistheauthor’sattitudetowardfrgicalpainting?A:a.positiveb.negativec.neutrald.indifferent4.2.wordsforattitudepositive赞成的supporting支持的praising赞扬的optimistic乐观的active积极的critical批评的negative否定的，反对的pessimistic悲观的depressed沮丧的disappointed失望的passive消极的indifferent冷淡的，不关心的uninterested不感兴趣的subjective主观的objective客观的neutral中立的impersonal不带个人感情的对于文体的鉴别词还有：formal正式的informal非正式的casual随便的informative提供信息的elaborate详细阐述的5.1.nominalclauseWhencanIhavesomethingtoeat?将其变形为whenIcanhavesomethingtoeat设whenIcanhavesomethingtoeat为“x”Idon’tknow+x.Myquestionis+x.Xisstillunknown.Ihaveaquestion+x.证明，x放在了名词本来放的位置上，即一个句子起了名词的作用，x应为性质等同于一个名词的从句，即名词性从句。5.2.AppositiveClause基本结构：冠词/形容词性物主代词+抽象名词+that/(wh-)+抽象名词的具体内容常见的抽象名词有：1.想法类：opinion,idea2.结果类：result,conclusion3.取代类：facttrytocomparewiththesesentences:1.ShehatestherumorthatTonywasdead.2.ShehatestherumorthatTonyspread.rumorn.谣言trytotranslatethefollowingsentences1.很多贫困儿童上不了学这一现象反映出了一个严重的社会问题。2.那位交警认为这起交通事故和他喝了啤酒之后驾车有关。6.1.Verbs动词的个数问题动词的时态语态问题(see6.2.)动词的分化问题(see6.3.)6.2.1动词的时态语态问题Ihavethreehamburgerseveryday.Ihadtwohamburgersyesterday.Iwillhavefourhamburgerstomorrow.Ihavealreadyhadonehamburger.Iamhavingahamburger.6.2.2补充常考的时态1.现在完成进行时have/has+been+V.ing2.将来进行时will+be+V.ing3.被动语态Onebagismadebymymothereveryday.Thebagwasmadebymymotheryesterday.Thebagwillbemadebymymothertomorrow.Thebaghasbeenmadebymymother.Thebagisbeingmadebymaymothernow.6.3.动词的分化问题(副词方向)1.回忆下刚才讲过分化的形容词方向2.看看下面的分化形式V.Ving（现在分词）V.Ved（过去分词）V.tov.（不定式）Takingtheriskoflosinglife,thewomansavedhersonfromthebigfire.Influencedbyafamousteacher,hewantstobeaprofessorinStanford/Yale/Harvard/MIT.Tosolvethisproblem,theymadealotofefforts.王维《山居秋瞑》：竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。Bambooswhisperofwasher-maids;Lotusstirswhenfishingboatwades.白居易《暮江吟》：一道残阳铺水中，半江瑟瑟半江红。Thedepartingsunbeamspaveawayontheriver;Halfofitswavesturnredandtheotherhalfshiver.王维《送元二使安西》：渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwiththemorningrain;Thewillows(柳树)bythehotellooksofreshandgreen.天青色等烟雨而我在等你;Thepureandcyanskyiswaitingforeverymistyrain’spresence;andI,foryours.炊烟袅袅升起隔江千万里…Woodsmokecurluphighwhilewe,separatedbyawideriver,aresofar.