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当前位置:首页 > 高等教育 > 理学 > 第4章 直流-交流变换器17-35
4-3-3单极性正弦脉冲宽度调制SSPWMdV3T4T3D4Db1T2T1D2Daai负载单极性SPWM电压波形2tdVabvO1123456i2t2223dVdVabv双极性SPWM电压波形20T1(D1)、T4(D4)导通Vab=VdT3(D3)、T2(D2)导通Vab=-VdT1(D1)、T3(D3)导通或T2(D2)、T4(D4)导通Vab=04-3-3单极性正弦脉冲宽度调制SSPWM(续1)相当的高次谐波。与开关频率和=,仅含基波各段脉宽按正弦变化,等幅多脉冲电压的交点所确定的与三角波由正弦波cr11ababccrr,)()(fffvvvfvfv0crccmrmDcmrmm1cmrm::ffffNvvMVvvvvv=载波比调制比=,则若1d2d3d4d11d10d2t6,14PffNrc(d)SPWM电压2trrfv,dVMI?ccfv,abvOO12d1123456(b)由相交确定开关点rcvv,i观看flash演示dab32crab31crrdab41crab42crr432100VvTTvvvTTvvvVvTTvvvTTvvvTTTT通,通、,通,通、,负半周正弦通,通、,通,通、,正半周正弦互补通、断与互补通、断与dV3T4T3D4Db1T2T1D2Daai负载驱动信号生成电路-1+--cv三角波rv正弦波-1+-+-AB11,TVg22,TVg44,TVg33,TVgAVAVBVBV+1d2d3d4d11d10d2t6,14PffNrc单极性SPWM电压波形2trrfv,dVccfv,abvOO12d1123456(b)由相交确定开关点rcvv,(续2)DDcmrm1m11DD21809.022MVVVVVVVVV当脉波数很多时,宽方波的基波有效值是121143211112114321coscoscoscoscoscos21222coscoscoscoscoscos222:6dddddddddddddmdnmnnVVVnnnnnnnVVBV个脉波时,有效值dnnVVV22M2132)(nV1V1513VV1711VV3125VV2927VVcmrmVVM时基波和谐波值6,14PN00.20.40.60.81.00.20.40.60.821Dnmnm12121coscos2ddddddnnnVVVn次谐波幅值为产生,脉宽,,终点单脉波起点(续3)dnnVVV22M2132)(nV1V1513VV1711VV3125VV2927VVcmrmVVM时基波和谐波值6,14PN00.20.40.60.81.00.20.40.60.8单极性SPWM电压2tdVabvO123456(1)P=6,2P-1=11,最低谐波为11次(3)11次谐波大于1/11=9%DDDDVVVMVMVVVVV707.02121cmrm1m1时,%46.217854.04222'1电压利用率少了DDVVV(2)(续4)d1d22180VVV为的基波电压有效值方波4-3-4双极性正弦脉宽调制BSPWMDV3T4T3D4Db1T2T1D2Daai负载双极性三角波Vc,Vr交点确定开关通、断点输出电压正、负半周中,vab既有正电压也有负电压,没有零电压9rcffNcmVrmVtt1d2d3d22234dDVDVabv(c)电压波形2cmrmVVM020vcvr观看flash演示4-3-4双极性正弦脉宽调制BSPWM(续1)DV3T4T3D4Db1T2T1D2Daai负载-1+-+-cv三角波rv正弦波gV),(,4141TTVVgg),(,3232TTVVgg(b)驱动信号生成电路Dab32crDab41crDab32crDab41cr4321VvTTvvVvTTvvVvTTvvVvTTvvTTTT通,、,通,、,正弦负半周通,、,通,、,正弦正半周互补通、断与互补通、断与9rcffNcmVrmVtt1d2d3d22234dDVDVabv(c)电压波形2cmrmVVM020vcvr4-3-4双极性正弦脉宽调制BSPWM(续2)次最低次谐波为调制比载波比132/15/cmrmrcNVVMffN相同的开关频率时单极SPWM:开关动作次数相对少些,谐波情况好些,多用于单相逆变。双极性SPWM:谐波情况差些,用于三相逆变。00.20.40.60.810.20.40.60.81r15V1V19V3129VV(d)N=15,基波和谐波值1713VV3327VVdnVV229rcffNcmVrmVtt1d2d3d22234dDVDVabv(c)电压波形2cmrmVVM020vcvr4-3-8基波移相控制AVES1S40vS1'S4'BVBAovvvS2S3S2'S3'1AV1BV11V11121211cos2BABAVVVVV121cos2V又可消除某次谐波波电压大小,基波移相,既可调节基1803n60311n,,次谐波相差nn0,3B3A3VVV1805n3651,,0,5B55A=VVV4-4三相逆变器工作原理4-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理逆变器1逆变器2逆变器3+-ADBECFCFVcnVbnVBEVanVADVabcn(a)框图(1)三个相差120度的单相逆变器组成一个三相逆变器4-4三相逆变器工作原理4-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理(续1)2dV2dVABCFED1T1D3D3T5T5D2D2T6T6D4D4T5D5T3T3D1D1T4T4D6T6D2D2T(b)电路图(1)三个相差120度的单相逆变器组成一个三相逆变器A相:T1、T4、T1’、T4’B相:T3、T6、T3’、T6’C相:T5、T2、T5’、T2’4-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理(续2)2dV2dV1T1D3D3T5T5D4D4T6T6D2D2TaibiciabcPQ0(a)电路t0abv2t0bcv22tcav06Tt06gVdV3323435t021gV1Tt02gV2Tt03gV3Tt04gV4TⅢⅡt05gV5T3Ty(b)导电波形o180方波为方波为120,180abaovv(2)三相桥式逆变器123612561456345234123180开关导电顺序为:上、下开关互补导电,时导电。任何时候有三个开关同,每个开关导电4-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理(续3)2dV2dV1T1D3D3T5T5D4D4T6T6D2D2TaibiciabcPQ0电路aibiciabibcicaiabccaaibiciabibcicai三角形负载abcaVaincibiccaV.abV.bcV.anV.abbnV.cnV.n1.51.531caV.星形负载)(31)(31)(31)(2....................bccacnabbcbncaabancaabcnbnancaancnabbnanVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV4-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理(续4))(31)(31)(31.........bccacnabbcbncaabanVVVVVVVVV负载星形连接时:t0abv2t0bcv22tcav0tanv0t0tbnv0cnvdVMdV32dV313323435o180导电波形负载相电压阶梯波方波线电压三开关同时导电导电120)(1804-4-1电压型三相逆变器工作原理(续5)t0abv2tanv0dVMdV32dV31tttttVtvdan13sin13111sin1117sin715sin51sin2)(ddmVVV636.021tttttVtvdan13cos13111cos1117cos715cos51cos2)(tttttVtvdab13sin13111sin1117sin715sin51sin32)(ddmVVV1.1321tttttVtvdab13cos13111cos1117cos715cos51cos32)(4-4-2电流型三相逆变器工作原理(a)电路:星型负载RUdLdiT1T3T5T2T6T4abcRRnaibici2222222222T1ttttttttttVg1T2T3T4T5T6T6Vg2Vg3Vg4Vg5Vg6000000aibici0000abidIT1T2T3T4T50120(b)波形(导电类型)L大,iD恒定120度导电模式,仅两个开关同时导电12,23,34,45,56,61,124-4-2电流型三相逆变器工作原理(续1)(a)电路:星型负载RUdLdiT1T3T5T2T6T4abcRRnaibici2222ttttaibici0000abidI0120(b)波形(导电类型)梯形波负载三角形联接时)(31)(2baabbabccaabbabbcacaabiiiiiiiiiiiiiicabbiabiaicicaibci三角形负载4-5三相逆变器输出电压和波形的SPWM控制ACAT1T4T6T3BT5T2DV21DV210(a)电路BC(c)电压波形图tttt00000Cv0Bv0Avcrvbrvarvcv2/DcrVvvv驱动上管2/DcrVvvv驱动下管tsinrrmraccVvfv三相正弦调制波、双极性三角载波1rrrrmrcrrmrb22)240-tsin()120-tsin(ffVvVv观看flash演示4-5三相逆变器输出电压和波形的SPWM控制(续1)(c)电压波形图tttt00000Cv0Bv0Avcrvbrvarvcv+--1+-+--1+-Vg1T1Vg4T4Vg6T6Vg3T3cV+--1+-Vg2T2Vg5T5参考波形成VR+rfcfoVoVrmV)(tVar)(tVbr)(tVcr(b)驱动信号-DDDAom_maxDDcmrmAomrmr1cmc866.0232121211VVVVVMVVVVVffVf线电压最大值为即可调节输出基波电压)改变(,、固定率高则脉波多,最低谐波频大,载波比:)载波频率(调频,)改变(rc1r/32ffNffffcr相位决定的压输出电压相位由参考电r)4(v4-5三相逆变器输出电压和波形的SPWM控制(续2)(c)电压波形图tttt00000Cv0Bv0Avcrvbrvarvcv+--1+-+--1+-Vg1T1Vg4T4Vg6T6Vg3T3cV+--1+-Vg2T2Vg5T5参考波形成VR+rfcfoVoVrmV)(tVar)(tVbr)(tVcr(b)驱动信号-ACAT1T4T6T3BT5T2dV21dV210(a)电路BC(1)驱动信号可由硬件电路实现,亦可由软件采用MicroProcessor.或DSP实现。(2)提高电压利用率,可改变vr或采用空间矢量控制。4-8大容量逆变器的复合结构器件串联提高电压器件并联增大电流几个三相桥电路通过变压器组合成复合型逆变器是扩大容量的有效途径开关器件电压6-7K
本文标题:第4章 直流-交流变换器17-35
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