土地集体所有制_均平易_济困难_一个特殊村庄案例的一般意义

::,9,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,9:,,;,,,,81(),,,,,,,(,2003),,,,(,2000),,(,2005:148165),,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(,2003:157;,2005):,,,,,91:(primarygoods),,(Rawls,1982),,A.,,(capability)(Sen&Williams,1982).1998,0.08,1.2,1500,0.7,1.21000(,),,,1P31,1P30.8,(,2005:148-149),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,??,,,,(,2004:12-27),,,,,022007.3,,,,,;,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,:,,?,,;,,,,,,,,:,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,12:,,,,,,,,,,,,(,2001:13-27),,,,,?,,,,,;,,,,,,(),:,,;,,,,,,,(),,,,222007.3,,(),,;,,:,,,,,,,,30,(),,,,,,,,,,1980,,,,,,,,?,,,32:,(),,,,90%77%,:,(,1998:368),,,,,,,,,,,,():,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,;422007.3,,,,,(),,:,,,;,,,,,,(),,,,,;,,,,:,,u,,,r,r,,,,s,s0s1,,s1;,s0,52:,u=u(r,s),rs,r,;s,,,,,,:(r)u(r,s)ru(r,s),,,,,,ru(r,s),,(),,,,ru(r,s)u(r,s)rs,,u(r,s)rs1:1,u(r,s),,u(r,s)s,s0,s0,r,ru(r,s),,,,,rs0,,r,u(r,s)r,,s0,622007.31,s=s0,rr0,u(r,s)r;ss0,rr1,u(r,s)r9uP9r0,92uP9r20,9uP9s01,,,r0,,ss0,1(rr1,rr0),,,,,ss0,,,,,,,,,??72:?,,,,():,,,,,,3000,1500,36,,1981,,3000,,,:,3000,;()10000(2002),,,,,,,,,,,:,2002,38417,017269,106(,),1632002,464627,2002822007.313,,2004,3000,,,2002,47,;67,,56,11,,,,,535,,,,1.2002,458,426,32,,,,,,,,,,,92:(2002)(2002)(2002)(2002)2002,1320(2002):,;,,,2002,1338417,111/,57,366,2002,,60,2002426,(1)12002()()(P10)(P)(P)(1)224.65369.598671723(2)224.653410.449600800172.42710.7011256938(1)212.8338.208160680(2)212.8367.867466622(1)291.53910.609451788(2)291.53912.551035386378.61214.31108199023646010.808342695339.9547.308848737(1)206.3419.948690724(2)206.3449.988021688174.6218.30896174730004769.648946746:(2002)032007.3(2002)0.7,1.1,2.,2002,77,,57,()20,,(16)(60,55),,,22()1-23-45-67-89-1011-1213-151660(55)()(P)192225283032343636:,,,64P,:,;,,0135/,,30,,():,,;,,13:,57,,,,(),,(),,13,,,,;,,,,,,,;,200,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2002,458,163,295,20021000,,1000,232007.3,?,,,,?,,,,,,,,,1974(),301981,,,,,(),,,:,,33:,,,,20014,,18,,10,752,87%:11??21?,,(,2004:166-191)2002,506,1000,(,2004:134),,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,500-600,2000,,:,,?:,,?,,,,,?,,,(,2004:137)(),,,,,,1991,,,,,(),,,,:912500,,4500,2000,432007.3,92,,,9194,,,,94,,,,,,,,,,3,,,,94,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,92,,,,5,,,,,,,,!(,2004:145-146),,1200,10%,132010%,1200,,,,53:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,632007.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(,2000:44-45),,,,;,,,,:,,?,,,,,,?:,2004,,:73:,2000,,:,2003,,,:,2003,:,1,2005,,1,2001,,,:,2005,,:,2000,,(),2004,,:,2003,:,1,1998,,:,2005,?,4,2004,,:Loren,Brandit,JikunHuang,GuoLi&ScottRozelle2002,LandRightsinRuralChina:Facts,FictionsandIssues.TheChinaJournal47.Rawls,J.1982,SocialUtilityandPrimaryGoods.InUtilitarianandBeyond,(ed.)byA.SenB.Williams.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Sen,A.&B.Williams1982,Introduction.InUtilitarianandBeyond,(ed.)byA.SenB.Williams.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.::832007.3SOCIOLOGICALSTUDIES(Bimonthly)20073Vol.22May,2007PAPERMigrantWorkersEconomicStatusandSocialAttitudeintheTransitionofChinaLiPeilin&LiWei1Abstract:Migrantworkers,connotingthosewhousedtobefarmersbutnowhaveleftruralareasandfoundjobsincities,arebecominganewgroupresultedfromeconomicreformanddevelopmentofChina.Thisgroup,contributingalottotheburgeoninglabormarketinChina,hasplayedanimportantroleinspeedingupthetransitionofthecountryfromaplannedtoamarketeconomyaswellasitsmodernizationdrive.Thisarticleisbasedonanalysisofalarge2scalesurveyin2006,whichwasconductedbymeansofquestionnaireandcovered28provinces,municipalitiesandautonomousregionsthroughoutthecountry.Analysisshowsthattheincomestatusofthemigrantworkersdependsheavilyoneducationandtechnicalskillstheyhavedevelopedinsteadofthefactorofidentity2baseddiscrimination.Itwasalsofound,toeverybodyssurprise,thatthoseoflessincomeandlowereconomicandsocialstatusshowmorepositiveattitudestothesociety.Thismayresultinaconclusionthatthedecisivefactorintheattitudeandbehaviorofmigrantworkersishistoricallogicinsteadoftheeconomicone.EasilyEqualizingandHardlyRelievingunderCollectiveOwnershipofRuralLand:AspecialvillagecaseCaoZhenghan18Abstract:InthecontemporaryChina,thecollectiveownershipofrurallandismorallyaimedatprovidingsurvivalsecurityfor900millionpeasants.Nevertheless,sinceinmostvillagesthecultivatedlandperpersoncouldnotsustainhimself,whethervillagerscanobtainbasicexistencesecurityfromcollectivelanddependsonwhetherthevillageleaderisadependablecapitaltrusteeforvillagers,andwhetherheholdsthedesireofhelpingthevillagersdealwiththeirexistencesecurity.Withoutleaderslikethis,villagershavetogiveuptheirclaimforexistencesecurity,andclaimfortheequalrighttouseandderivebenefitfromvillagelandinstead.However,undercurrentpoliticalstructuresofthevillages,itshardtomeetsuchaleader.Therefore,inthemajorityofvillages,itsimpossibleforthecollectiveownershipoflandtoguaranteethesecurityofvillagersexistenceindeed.242