新剑桥商务英语(高级)习题答案

EnglishforBusinessStudiesKeytoUnit01:ThethreesectorsoftheeconomyThisunitcoversalotofbasicvocabularyconcerningdevelopedeconomiesmuchofitinanextractfromawell-knownBritishnovel.Italsodiscussestheevolutionoftheeconomyofmostoftheolderindustrializedcountries,withthedeclineofmanufacturingindustryanditsreplacementbyservices.ThereisanextractfromamagazineinterviewwithaneconomistandaninterviewwithaBritishMemberofParliamentonthisissue.1aVocabularyp09Identifythemostprominentfeaturesinthisphotograph,whichillustratesvariousimportantelementsoftheinfrastructureofamodernindustrializedcountry.Thephotoclearlyshowsalargefactory(theUnileverfactoryinWarrington,England)inthecenter,withmorefactories,industrialunits,orwarehousesinthetopright-handcorner.Thelargefactoryseemstoincludesomeofficebuildings.Alsovisibleareagriculturalland(inthebackground;thelandintheforegrounddoesn’tappeartobecultivated),ariver,arailwayandseveralroads,andhousing,perhapswithaschoolinthecenterofthehousingestatetopleft.1bReadingp10Whatisthekeypointthatthisextractismakingabouteconomies?Thetextsuggeststhatmostpeopletakeforgrantedtheamazingcomplexityoftheeconomicinfrastructure.1cComprehensionp111.Inlines4-7,Robynseesexamplesofallthree.Whatarethey?Tinyfields(theprimarysector),factories(thesecondarysector),andrailways,motorways,shops,offices,andschools(thetertiarysector).2.Thelongsentencefromlines12-28listsalargenumberofoperationsbelongingtothedifferentsectorsoftheeconomy.Classifythe18activitiesfromthepassagePrimarysector:diggingironore,miningcoal.Secondarysector:assembling,building,cuttingmetal,layingcables,millingmetal,smeltingiron,weldingmetal.Tertiarysector:advertisingproducts,calculatingprices,distributingaddedvalue,maintenance,marketingproducts,packagingproducts,pumpingoil,transportation.3.Canyouthinkofthreeimportantactivitiestoaddtoeachlist(notnecessarilyinrelationtothekettle)?Primarysector:farming(agriculture),fishingandforestrySecondarysector:manufacturing,transformingandprocessingTertiarysector:financing,designing,retailing2aReadingp121.Whydopeopleworryaboutthedeclineofmanufacturing?Becausetheythinkitwillleadtounemployment.2.Whichactivitiesareasimportantastheproductionofgoods?Designinggoods,persuadingpeopletobuythem;artsandentertainment.3.Shouldpeopleworryaboutthisstateofaffairs?No,becauseitisanatural,progressiveandinevitabledevelopment.2bListeningp13ListentoashortinterviewwithDenisMacShane,aBritishMemberofParliamentfortheLaborParty.DoesheholdthesameviewasJ.K.Galbraith?DenisMacShanequiteclearlydisagreeswithGalbraith.1.WhydoesMacShanethinkthatmanufacturinghasafuture?Becausetherearemanynewproductsthathavetobeinventedtoservenewneeds.2.WhydoesMacShanethinkthatmanufacturinghasafutureintheadvancedcountries?Becausethesecountrieshaveproductiontechnologythatrequiresverylittlelaborinput.3.Why,however,isthismanufacturingunlikelytosolvetheproblemofunemployment?Preciselybecauseitrequiresverylittlelaborinput.4.WhatdoesMacShanemeanby‘intheorythereshouldbenomoremanufacturing’inSwitzerland?(Itisthistheorythatmakesmanypeoplearguethatmanufacturingmustmoveto‘less-developed’countries.)Theconventionaltheoryisthatthemostimportantcostinmanufacturingislabor,andwagesandsalariesinSwitzerlandarethehighestintheworld.(Asisthecostofliving!)5.WhydoeshesayitissurprisingforaBritishcompanytobebuyingSwissgoods?Becausethepoundsterlinghas,overtheyears,lostagreatdealofvalueagainstforeigncurrencies,especiallytheSwissfranc.6.WhatisthereasonhegivesfortheUnitedStatesstillbeingtherichestnationintheworld?Ithasasuccessfulmanufacturingeconomy,includingitscomputerandcar(automobile)industries.7.Matchupthefollowingexpressionsanddefinitions:1.toconvertitself.B/tochangefromonethingtoanother2.toserveneedsD/tosatisfypeople’sdesiresorrequirements3.LaborinputA/manualwork4.tostumbleonE/todiscoversomethingbyaccident5.tobedubiousC/tobeuncertain,disbelieving2cWritingp13SummarizebothGallbraith’sandMacShane’sargumentsinashortparagraphoffewerthen50words.APOSSIBLESUMMARYGalbraithsaysthatmanufacturingindustrywillinevitablydeclineintheadvancedindustrialcountries,andbereplacedbydesign,advertising,entertainment,andsoon.MaShanesaysthatmanufacturingwillchange,andmakenewproductswithnewtechnology.Newwordsinthisunit01agriculture,business,company,consumer,economic,economy,employment,goods,industry,infrastructure,labour,manufacturing,primarysector,product,rawmaterials,secondarysector,tertiarysector,unemploymentUnit2ManagementManagementisimportant.Thesuccessorfailureofbusinessorganizations,governmentinstitutionsandpublicsectorservices,voluntaryandnon-profitorganizations,sportsteams,andsoon,oftendependsonthequalityoftheirmanagement.Thisunitincludesadiscussionofthequalitiesrequiredbymanagers,adefinitionofmanagement,considerationoftheroleofthemeetingsinmanagement,acriticalviewofthemanagementofonelargeAmericanmultinationalcompany,andaninterviewwiththemanagerofaBritishdepartmentstore,whodiscusseshisjob.Beforethediscussiononthequalitiesrequiredbymanagersandthedefinitionofmanagement,maybewecandiscussthecartoon.What’sthejoke?Wecanassumet