青年科学基金申请答辩报告 - 动

PlantinvasioninChina:roleofclonality,geographicaloriginanddistributionpatternMingDong,JianLiuInstituteofBotany,theChineseAcademyofSciencesJointSino-USASymposium:EcologicalComplexityandEcosystemServicesMay24-25,2004BeijingIntroductionInvasivenon-nativeplantscandisplacenativespeciesthroughe.g.,competitionfornutrients,water,lightandspace.Oneofthemostdramaticecologicaleventsinhumanhistorythatthreatensourlife,environmentandeconomy.Five-fingeredMorningGloryIpomoeacairica(L.)SweetWaterHyacinthEichhorniacrassipes(Mart.)SolmsCastorbeanRicinuscommunisL.Mile-a-minuteWeedMikaniamicranthaH.B.K.SomeinvasiveplantsinChinaIntroductionThenon-indigenousspeciesinChinacausedamageandlosstotallyseveralhundredbillionRMB(￥)peryear.Thenon-indigenousspeciesinUSAcausedamageandlosstotallyapproximately$137billionperyear,about13%oftheGDPofUSA.Theeconomiccost，e.g.China&USAIntroductionThereareconsiderableinvasiveplantswiththecapabilityofvigorousclonalgrowth,e.g.MikaniamicranthaandSpartinaalterniflora.Somestudiesshowthattheclonalcharactermayenhancetheinvasivenessofthealienplants(Pyšek1997,Reichard1997,Maurer&Zedler2002,Pyšeketal.2003).IntroductionClonalPlantsTubersBulbRhizomesStolonsTillersIntroductionFordeepeningourunderstandingofplantinvasionandapplicationaim,itiscriticaltoanalyzegeographicaloriginofinvasivenon-nativeplants,andregional-scaledistributionofinvasivenon-nativeplants.IntroductionQuestionsIsclonalityrelatedtoinvasionsuccessofplantspecies?Whatismaingeographicaloriginoftheinvasivenon-nativeplantspeciesinChina?Whatinfluenceregional-scaledistributionofinvasivenon-nativeplantspeciesinChina?IntroductionDatacollectionDatafromthefollowingliteraturewereusedtoconstructadetaileddatabaseofthestudiedinvasiveplants.DingJQ,WangR.1998.InvasivealienplantspeciesandtheirimpactonbiodiversityinChina.In:China'sBiodiversity:ACountryStudy(CompiledbytheCompilationGroupofChina'sBiodiversity:ACountryStudy).pp.58~63.LiZY，XieY(eds)．2002.InvasivealienspeciesinChina.Beijing:ChinaForestryPublishingHouse.XiangYC,PengSL,ZhouHC,CaiXA.2002.Theimpactsofnon-nativespeciesonbiodiversityanditscontrol.Guihaia,22(5):425~432.MethodsDatacollection126specieswereselectedforstudy,afterintegratingthedataanddeletingtherepeatedandwronginformation.MethodsDatacollectionclonalgrowth(propagation)typesofclonalgrowth(clonalorgans)lifeformsgeographicaloriginsinvasiveplantsineachoftheprovincestotalGDP,humanpopulation,area,latitudesandlongitudes,andresidentplantdiversityineachoftheprovinces.MethodsAnalysisTheplantsweredividedintoclonalplantsandnonclonalplants.Theplantsweredivided,accordingtotheirlifeforms,intoannulherbs,perennialherbsandshrubs.ThegeographicaloriginssuchasAmerica,Europe,AfricaandAsiawereidentified.Anumberofparameterswerederived.MethodsAnalysisThespeciesweredividedintothreecategories,accordingtotheirinvasivenessintermsofcurrentspatialoccupationandimpacts:themostseriousinvasivespecies,whichwerelistedin“100oftheWorld'sWorstInvasiveAlienSpecies”(IUCN,2001)and/or“TheWorld'sWorstWeeds”(Holmetal,1977),seriousinvasivespecies,whichoccupylargearea(300km2)orhavestrongnegativeharmasrecordedinthepublishedliterature,andmaininvasivespeciesastherest.MethodsAnalysisSpearman'scorrelationsweremadebetweenalltheparametersusingSPSS10.0.MethodsInvasivenon-nativeplantsinChinaInvasivenon-nativeplantsClonalplantsTotalRhizomeStolonTillerOtherAbsolute1265622141418Relative(%)100.0044.4417.4611.1111.1114.29ResultsForthe126plantspecies,thecorrelationbetweenclonalityandinvasivenesswassignificant(p0.05).Amongthe126invasivenon-nativeplantsinChina,86werefromAmerica,accountingforashighas68.25%,23fromEuropeandfor18.25%.ResultsDistributionofthe126majorinvasiveplantsinthe31provincesofChinaRegionNumberofinvasiveplantsArea(km2)HumanPopulation(104)Densityofhumanpopulation(104/km2)GDP(108RMB)GDP(104RMB)/percapitaAnhui41135986460.535000.5847Beijing341.681382822.631303.2648Chongqing298.23090376.818000.5825Fujian77123471289.341001.1812Gansu1539256265.711000.4294Guangdong82188642480.1110001.2729Guangxi57234489195.222000.4901Guizhou42173525207.411000.3121Hainan653.4787231.56000.7624Hebei36196744354.955000.8155Heilongjiang2546368980.222000.5964Henan34169256578.560000.6248Hubei43186028334.950000.8295Hunan42216440306.742000.6522Jiangsu51107438743.8100001.3444Jiangxi46164140258.822000.5314Jilin24182728151.621000.7698Liaoning31154238282.546001.0854Neimenggu20110237621.69500.3998Ningxia96.656285.23300.5872Qinghai10725187.23000.5792Shandong36159079605.3106001.1565Shanghai390.61674279054003.2258Shanxi28153297219.820000.6066Shanxi19193605189.720000.5548Sichuan4448.58329171.748000.5763Xinjiang1816019251216000.8299Xizang231202622.21500.5725Yinjin251.1100191019001.8981Yunnan67384288112.823000.5364Zhejiang54104677467.774001.5822AttheregionalscaleinChina,numberofmajorinvasivespecieswascorrelatedpositivelywithnumberanddensityofhumanpopulations,totalGDP,GDP/areaandnumberofresidentplants.Itwascorrelatednegativelywithlatitudesoftheprovince.ItwasnotcorrelatedwithareaandGDPpercapita.ResultsRoleofcl