您好,欢迎访问三七文档
DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityMedicalMicrobiology医学微生物学DepartmentofMicrobiology,HMU哈尔滨医科大学微生物学教研室第一篇微生物学基础第42章病原性真菌Mycology微生物学教研室宋武琦DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity教学大纲掌握内容:真菌的形态结构(单细胞和多细胞真菌);培养特性;繁殖方式;抵抗力。了解内容:真菌的分类DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity真菌病(mycoses)由真菌引起的疾病统称为真菌病(mycoses)浅部真菌病和深部真菌病浅部感染真菌和深部感染真菌致病性真菌和条件致病性真菌DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity真菌侵入途径DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity真菌感染类型DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity浅部真菌感染SuperficialFungalInfections浅部感染真菌引起皮肤、粘膜和皮下组织的感染种类皮肤癣菌角层癣菌孢子丝菌着色真菌DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity皮肤感染真菌是指寄生或腐生于角蛋白组织(表皮角质层、毛发和甲板等)的真菌DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityTrichophytonmentagrophytesTrychophytonrubrumDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity经外伤感染皮下,一般只侵犯局部,也可通过淋巴管扩散至周围组织种类有孢子丝菌和着色真菌皮下真菌感染SubcutaneousMycosesDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity属于腐生性真菌,广泛存在于土壤、木材及植物表面等,为双相性真菌,在组织中呈酵母型,在沙保培养基中呈菌丝型伤口接触淋巴管的慢性炎症慢性肉芽肿深部感染申克孢子丝菌SporotrichumschenchiiDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity着色真菌一般经外伤侵入人体,感染多发生于皮肤暴露部位,感染多发生于颜面、下肢、臀部等暴露部位,病损皮肤呈境界鲜明的暗红色或黑色区,故称着色真菌病(chromomycosis)。代表菌有裴氏着色真菌(Fonsecaeapedrosoi),卡氏着色真菌(Cladosporiumcarrionii)等DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity深部感染真菌SystemicMycoses深部感染真菌是指可引起机体深部组织和内脏疾病的一群深在性真菌致病性真菌、条件致病性真菌DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity条件深部真菌感染ConditionalDeepInfectionFungusCandidaalbicans(白假丝酵母菌)Cryptococcusneoformans(新生隐球菌)Aspergillus(曲霉菌)Mucor(毛霉菌)DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity白假丝酵母菌Candidaalbicans属假丝酵母菌属Saccharomyces菌体圆形或椭圆形,3~6μm,G+假菌丝。培养特征DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity致病性口腔、上呼吸道、肠道及阴道粘膜机体抵抗力下降或菌群失调是其侵入机体的主要原因白假丝酵母菌的致病物质有:粘附:入侵:产生毒素和酶:DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity念珠菌病(Candidiasis)皮肤、粘膜感染内脏感染中枢神经系统感染DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity微生物学诊断:临床标本SputumScrapingsfromlesionsBloodsmearsVaginaldischargeUrineFecesDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity治疗AmphotericinBNystatinKetoconazoleFluconazoleItraconazoleDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity新生隐球菌Cryptococcusneoformans属隐球菌属,包括17个种和8个变种,其中仅新生隐球菌及其变种具有致病性环境腐生菌新生隐球菌的发病率越来越高DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity生物学性状酵母型菌、荚膜、不形成假菌丝。非致病性隐球菌无荚膜培养特性DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity微生物学诊断:标本Cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)SputumPusBiopsymaterialurineDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity治疗5-Fluorocytosine(5-氟胞嘧啶)AmphotericinB(二性霉素B)DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity曲霉菌(Aspergillus)少数属于条件致病菌,以熏烟色曲霉菌(A.fumigatus)最为常见致病性侵犯机体许多部位,所致疾病有直接感染、变态反应及曲霉菌毒素中毒等类型肺曲霉菌病全身性曲霉菌病中毒与致癌DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity毛霉菌毛霉菌(Mucor)属接合菌亚门DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity问题真菌感染可能分哪些类型?主要条件致病性深部致病真菌有哪些?白假丝酵母菌引起什么疾病?新生隐球菌引起什么疾病?
本文标题:病原性真菌
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3848461 .html