2001年全国医学博士统一考试英语听力录音文本

2001ForeignLanguageAdmissionTestformedicalDoctorStudentsPaperOnePartIListeningSectionAListeningComprehensionDirections:Inthissectionofthetest,youwillhearthreetalks.Aftereachtalk,therearethreeorfourquestions.Thetalksandquestionswillbereadonlyonce.YoumustlistencarefullyandchoosethebestanswerA,B,CandDfromthefourChoices.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Talk1In1782soonaftertheUnitedStateswonitsindependence,thebaldeaglewaschosenasthenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobeasymboloftheircountrybecauseit’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitisfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica.Butalittleover200yearslater,thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountry.Andin1972,therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds’decreasingpopulationwaspollution,especiallypollutionoftheriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicalsusedtokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops.Unfortunately,rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriverandpoisonthefish.Eagleseatthisfishandpoisonaffectstheireggs.Theeggsareverythinshellsanddonothatch.Eagleslaytwoorthreeeggsayearbecausemanyoftheeggsdonothatchthatproducemoreeagles.Thenumberofeaglesquicklybecomessmaller.Today,theAmericangovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeaglesisincreasing.ItnowappearsthattheAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.Question1:WhatmadethebaldeaglethenationalbirdoftheUSA?Question2:Whathappenedtobaldeagles?Question3:Whatistrueaboutthebaldeagle?Talk2Ididnotknowthecityatall.Andonthewhole,Icouldnotspeakawordofthelanguage.Afterhavingspentmyfirstdaysightseeinginthetowncenter,Idecidedtolosemywaydeliberatelyonmysecondday,sinceIbelievedthatthiswasthesurestwayofgettingtoknowmywayaround.Igotonthefirstbusthatpassedanddescendedsomethirtyminuteslaterinwhatmusthavebeenasuburb.Thefirsttwohourspassedpleasantlyenough.IdiscoveredmysteriouslittlebookshopsinbackstreetsandfinallyarrivedatamarketplacewhereIstoppedandhadacoffeeinanopenaircafé.Afterwalkingaboutaimlesslyforsometime,Iwasdeterminedtoasktheway.ThetroublewasthattheonlywordIknewofthelanguagewasthenameofthestreetinwhichIlived.AndeventhatIpronouncedincorrectly.Thepolicemanlistenedtomyquestion,smiledandgentlytookmebythearm.Therewasadistantlookinhiseyesashepointedleftandrightandleftagain.Inoddedpolitelyandbeganwalkinginthedirectionhepointed.AboutanhourpassedandInoticedthatthehousesweregettingfewerandgrainfieldswereappearingoneachsideofme.Ihadcomeallthewayintothecountry.Theonlythingleftformetodowastofindthenearestrailwaystation.Question4:Whatdidthespeakerwanttodoonthesecondday?Question5:Whydidhewanttodoso?Question6:Whatdidhefindoutwhenhedecidedtogobacktothehotel?Question7:Whathappenedatlast?Talk3InthesunroomofhisDarwinhome,BobDent,66,finishedhislunchandaglassofbeerandlaydownonthecouch.Ontheflooroutofhissightbutattachedtohimbyanintravenousstriplayasyringedrivercontainingalittledoseofdrugs.Nearby,hiswife,Judi,waitedwithhisdoctor.Thephonewasdisconnected.InthesilenceofwarmSundayafternoon,theonlynoisewasthesoundofapumpstarting.Insequenceasplanned,thedrugsemptiedintoDent’scancer-riddenbody.Withinseconds,hewasasleep.Afewminuteslater,hewasdead.Diagnosiswasprostatecancerin1991.Dentbeganhisjourneytodeathseveralweeksago.Afterobtainingthethreesignaturesrequiredfromhisowndoctor,acancerspecialistandapsychiatristandobservingthenine-daycooling-offperiod,Dentwasfreetochoosethetimeofhisownpassing.Itwasabout9:00a.m.onSeptember22thatDentfinallymadehisdecisiontofinishthejourney.Inaletterreleasedafterhisdeath,Dentappealedtothosewhoattackedhisdecision:“Ifyoudisagreewithvoluntaryeuthanasia,thendon’tuseit.Butdon’tdenymetherighttouseitifandwhenIwantto”.Question8:Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Question9:WhatmadeDent’sdecisionpossible?Question10:WhatisthebestwordtodescribeDent’spassingaway?SectionBSpotDictation(10%)Directions:Inthissectionofthetest,youwillhearonepassage.Thepassagewillbereadthreetimes.Onyouranswersheet,youwillreadthesamepassagewith20wordsmissing.Asyoulisten,readthepassageonyourANSWERSHEETandfillintheblankswiththeexactwordsonthetape.Theremightbemorethanonewordinablank.Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquicklythefundstheU.SGovernmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasicresearch.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentwillinvariablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoem