【中考祈使句专题-】

定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。祈使句主要有以下几种：I.肯定结构：1.Do型（行为动词原形+其他）Standup!Closethedoor,please.祈使句中如有呼语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句尾。Sally,Putiton.=Putiton,Sally.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2.Be型（Be+形容词/副词/名词+其他）试译:1)请安静!Bequiet,please./Pleasebequiet.2)对你的表弟要友好.Befriendlytoyourcousin.3)明天上午六点到这儿.Behereatsixtomorrowmorning.4)要做一个好孩子.Beagoodboy.3.Let+us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形试译：1)让我来帮帮你。Letmehelpyou.2)让她马上就试一试吧。Lethertryitatonce.【注意】有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do或加besureto，可译作“务必”，“一定”试译:1)务必再来。Docomeagain.2)一定要写信告诉我所有的消息。Besuretowriteandgivemeallthenews.II.否定形式：1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:不要忘记我!Don'tforgetme!上学不要迟到!Don'tbelateforschool!2.Let型的否定式有两种:Let+us(me/him/her/it/them)+not+动词原形Don’tlet+us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形e.gLet’snotsayanythingaboutit.Don’tlethimgoalone.III.其他形式的祈使句：1.用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句，尤其用于告示。1).No+V.-ing禁止钓鱼Nofishing禁止吸烟Nosmoking2).No+名词禁止拍照Nophotos2.以may为句首的表示祝愿的祈使句Mayyou+动词原形1)祝你成功!Mayyousucceed!2)祝你一路平安!Mayyouhaveasafejourney!IV.使祈使句语气更加婉转的方法:请把你的字典借给我.Pleaselendmeyourdictionary.=Lendmeyourdictionary,please.V.把祈使句变成反意疑问句.1)请开门吧.Openthedoor,willyou/won’tyou?2)不要摸它,行吗?Don’ttouchit,willyou?3)我们去打篮球,行吗?Let’sgoandplaybasketball,shallwe?4)我们晚饭后去散步,好吗?Letushaveawalkafterdinner,willyou?VI.祈使句有时相当于一个引导的条件状语从句1)把药服了,你就会感觉好一些。Takethismedicineandyouwillfeelbetter.=Ifyoutakethemedicine,youwillfeelbetter.2)努力学习,否则你就会不及格。Workhard,oryouwillfailintheexam.=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillfailintheexam.练习I.将下列汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您的包。___________________.2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!4.不要把书放这儿。___________________.5.不要让猫进来。___________________.II.单项选择1.________standtooclosetoNorthAmericans.Givethemmorepersonalspace.A.Aren'tB.Didn'tC.Won'tD.Don't2.---IsthereaNo.2busstopnearhere?---Yes,thereis.__________atthesecondcrossing,andyouwillfindit.A.TurningleftB.TurnleftC.ToturnleftD.Turnsleft3.—______________.Thebabyissleeping.I'msorry.A.NottalkB.NottalkingC.Don'ttalkD.Can'ttalk4.Ifthegreenlightisn’ton,___________aminute.A.waitB.waitsC.willwaitD.waiting5.—_______lateforschoolagain,Tim!—Sorry,IpromisethatI_______.A.Don’t;won’tB.Don’tbe;won’tC.Don’tbe;don’tD.Don’t;will6.Don’t___shy.Everyonemaymakemistakesatthebeginning.A.amB.isC.beD.are7.Please.Theboyisstudying.A.notnoisyB.don’tnoisyC.nottobenoisyD.don’tbenoisy8.—I’mleavingnow.—________youturnoffthelightsandthecomputer.A.TomakesureB.MakesureC.MadesureD.Makingsure9.Tony,________,oryouwillgetheavier.A.doesn'tplaysportsanymoreB.doesn'teatsomuchmeatC.don'tplaysportsanymoreD.don'teatsomuchmeat10.Don’t_______toomuchTV.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.watchingB.towatchC.watchD.watches11.—Wouldyouplease_______neartheriver?Oh,sorry,Iwon’t.A.notplayB.don’tplayC.nottoplay12.—Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.—________.I’llbeasquietasamouse.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon’tC.Yes,IwillD.No,Iwon’t13.—______,please.K-E-Y.A.What’sthisB.SpellitC.CanyouspellitD.Whatisit14._________playinthestreet.It’sverydangerous.A.DoB.NotC.Don’tD.Doesn’t15.climbthetree!It’stoosmall.Comedownquickly!A.Don’tB.Isn’tC.Aren’tD.Do16.—Don’tforgettoclosethedoorafterschool.—________.A.OK,Iwon’tB.OK,Iwill.C.Yes,Ido.D.No,Idon’t.18.---Sorryforbeinglateagain.---__________hereontimenexttime,oryou’llbepunished.A.BeB.BeingC.TobeD.Been19._____drivetoofast.Wehaveenough（足够的）timetogetthere.A.NotB.Don’tC.doesn’t20.Boysandgirls,_____inbed.It’sbadforyoureyesA.notreadB.doesn’treadC.noreadD.don’treadKeys1.Pleaselookafteryourbag2.Let\'sgotoschool3.Beglad,dear4.Don\'tputthebookhere5.Don\'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein单选1.D2.B3.C4.A5.B6.C7.D[8.B9.D10.C11.A12.D13.B14.C15.A16.A17.C18.A19.B20.D