宾语从句讲解ppt

宾语从句八年级英语教研组请同学们来看下面这几个句子：Ilikeswimming.宾语Hehasapen.宾语Mysisterwantstobeateacher.宾语Ithinkheisright.宾语宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。一．宾语从句的连接词1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语中往往省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.if/whether引导宾语从句。意为是否，仅起连接作用，if/whether在从句中不作任何成分。Couldyoutellmeif/whetherit'spolitetospeakloudlyatthetable?Idon'tknowif/whetheryouareright.Idon'tknowwhetheryouarerightornot.3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.考点归纳(1)——宾语从句的连接词1.that只起连接作用，在句子中不做句子成分，在口语中常被省略2.If和whether起连接作用，不做句子成分。（注意：与不定式连用；做介词的宾语；与ornot连用——用whether。)3.疑问词who、what、when、where、whom、whose、why、how、which在句子中既起连接作用，又做句子成分。二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.考点归纳(2)——宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句（即主语+谓语）的顺序。选一选：(1)Canyoutellme____?(A.whomdowehavetoseeB.whomwehavetosee)(2)Theteacheraskedthestudents____.(A.whattheyweredoingB.whatweretheydoing)(3)Shewantstoknow____.(A.wheredoesheliveB.Wherehelives)(4)Herfatherasked_____.(A.whothetallestisB.whoisthetallest)(5)Doyouknow____?(A.whatisonthedeskB.whatonthedeskis)参考答案：BABBA三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即，从句可用所需的任何时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?HesaysMaryisplayingwiththecat.HesaysMaryoftenplayswiththecat.HesaysMarywillplaywiththecat.Ithinkheleftyesterdaymorning.2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.Hesaid,“Maryisplayingwiththecat.”→HesaidMarywasplayingwiththecat.Hesaid,“hewillgobacktoChinasoon.”→HesaidhewouldgobacktoChinasoon3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Theteachersaid,“themoonmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Hesaid,“lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.4、当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。考点归纳(3)——宾语从句的时态1、当主句动词为一般现在时，从句可用所需的任何时态。2.当主句动词为一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。3.当宾语从句为客观真理时，用一般现在时态，不受主句时态的限制。4.当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。有关宾语从句的补充说明1)、宾语从句的标点由主句决定。Hedoesn'tknowwhoheis(.)Doesheknowwhoheis(?)2)、主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Ithinkheisn’tastudent.×Idon’tthinkheisastudent.√Idon’tthinkheisastudent.Ishe?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?