短文改错解题技巧

命题规律(一)选材特点。短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文；也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在10行左右，每行8～12词，共计120词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。(二)设置特点。试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有错词、多词、缺词和纠错等四种可能。年度介词动词形或容副词词代词名词连词冠词关系词201612210211201513111110201421311110201312211111测试点1.高考新课标I卷短文改错测试点统计Icanreturntohomenow.the∧in2.短文改错设错方式及规范3.UnnecessarywordIlikeplayingpiano.ImajoratEnglish.2.Missingword1.WrongwordRightorWrong?增加been•Ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversity.•Ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversity.been•Ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversity.been∧∧X∨XXXXIhavegotagoodnewstotellyou.Ihavegotagoodnewstotellyou.Ihavegotagoodnewstotellyou.RightorWrong?删除XXRightorWrong?修改•ThreeweeksagoIboughttheelectronicandictionaryatashop.•ThreeweeksagoIboughttheelectronicandictionaryatashop.•ThreeweeksagoIboughttheelectronicandictionaryatashop.以上为不规范答题,均不给分，不会手下留情E.g.What'smore,hewantedthethiefknowhewasforgiven.Sothenextday,hepostedthemessageontheposter-board…Whenheleftforhomethenextmorning,attheendofthedriveway…toafor假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。3、新高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则三步走五原则四不改1.通读全文,理解文章.2.先易后难,找出明错.3.对照考点,深入审读.1.以改变实词形式为原则.2.以单词形式变化最小为原则.3.以添删或更换虚词为原则.4.以多“改正”少“添删”为原则．5.以保持原意不变为原则．1.标点符号不改。2.大小写不改。3.词序错误不改。4.单词拼写不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。得法者，事半功倍I从词法和逻辑错误分析:II从句法的角度去分析:解题方法I词法和逻辑错误:1）动词形1.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.(16)2.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.haveused1.动词的时态和语态错误.2.主、谓不一致的错误。3.非谓语动词形式的误用2）名词数1.LastSaturday,asusual,hewenttoseveralclass.2.I'mdeeplygratefulforyouradvicethatIshouldpaymoreattentionstopractisingmyspokenEnglish.3.Thepolicesoontrackedthecallstoabarbershop.classes1.可数与不可数名词的混用。2.可数名词的单复数的错用。3.名词的格的误用4.词性的转换barber'sattention3）还要注意形和副1.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!(新课标I)2.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(陕西卷)immdiatelywonderful1.形容词、副词、名词等词性的误用。2.原级，比较级和最高级的误用。4）代词格，细领悟1.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatlibrariesarewherestudentsgetmostofhisbooks.2.Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.nonetheir1.前后人称不一致。2.人称代词，物主代词,反身代词的误用。3.不定代词的误用及混用。5)介词短语要牢记1.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.(四川卷)2.Nearlyfiveyearsago,withthehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.(新课标I卷)for∧主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。of6）冠词、连词常光顾1.TodayIcanstillrememberhowIbecamegoodtabletennisplayer.2.Theyhadexpectedtofindafreeplacetolivein,sotheyexperiencedahardwinter.a∧１.冠词a,an和the的错用或少用．２．连词but,and，or,so,because,although,therefore,however的错用．butOurEnglishteacherbegintoteachusin2012.ShehadbeenteachingEnglishformorethantwoyear.Shelikeswe,andsheisverystrictinallofus.Althoughsheisabitshortandnotsobeautifully,butweconsiderherasourfriend.Sheisreallygoodteacher.Weareloveherverymuch.We'resurewe'llgetinwellwitheachother.beganhasyearsuswithbeautiful∧aon动词形名词数代词格，细领悟介词短语要牢记还要注意形和副冠词连词常光顾五、PracticePassage1II从句法的角度去分析:2.名词性从句3.状语从句1.定语从句4.句式结构1.HeputitinasecretplacewhereIcouldn'tfind.which2.ThehousewhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.where3.I'llneverforgetthedaywhichIfirstwenttoschool.when1）定语从句关系代词和关系副词的误用1.Wewouldreturnatnighttohearthathe'dpickedupfromtheradiointheday.what2.ButIdidn’tknowthatIwouldwinornot.whether3.Whenpeopleareplayinggames,theymovealot.Thatishowsportsaregoodactivitiesfortheirhealth.why2）名词性从句连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用1.Hegotupearlyinordertohecouldcatchthefirst.that2.Makeamarkwhichyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.where3）状语从句引导词的误用1)Asweclimbedthemountains,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.2)Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.visitedseeing4）句式结构考察一个句子是否完整,是否存在否定误用的问题,省略现象是否有误,平行、并列关系是否混乱,强调句结构是否完整等.Summary2.较好拿到分数的有：名词单复数/形容词副词/动词时态/代词.1.做题时应注意：叙事性文章首抓________，以免理解有误；论述性文章首抓名词形容词冠词代词错误全文时态3.短文改错口诀代词格，细领悟介词短语要牢记冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注动词形，名词数；还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别；句子成份多分析