任务型写作之summary概括写法

HOWTOWRITEASUMMARYDefinition（定义）Asummaryisashortaccount/paragraphgivingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.Summary这是07年广东高考读写任务的新形式和新要求。（1）如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键。（2）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此许多文章中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它便容易抓住文章的中心。Howtosumupapassage?1.Recognizethestyleofthepassagesoastochoosethepatterntobeginyoursummary.2.Readthroughthepassageasquickasyoucanandfindthekeysentencesorkeywords.3.Useyourownwordstosummarizeratherthanusetheoriginalsentencesdirectlycopiedfromthepassage.Stylesofpassagesnarration1argumentation2exposition3Howtosumupapassage?Step1StylesofPassagesStyles（体裁）Functions（功能）Narration(记叙文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(说明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenonTask1:Pleaseglancethroughthe3givenpassagesandrecognizethestylesofthem.SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(记叙文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(议论文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(说明文概要模板)点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.作者经历类：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..(1)记叙文概要模板(2)议论文概要模板•Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主题）.…..（补充论据）.•Thepassagehighlights(强调)theimportanceofsth…..•Theauthorarguesthat…•现象揭示类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主题),which…..（补充解释）.•利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影响)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso….•研究显示类：Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…(3)说明文概要模板Howtofindthekeysentencesorkeywords?styles关键句narrationargumentationexposition抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句Howtosumupapassage?Step2TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。广东高考概括部分评分细则Task2：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同义替换法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed(3)Changethepartofspeech词性转换法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance(4)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven简单句变复合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof(6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess(7)Omitthedetails细节省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.———————————————Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.______________________________________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.Task3:WriteasummaryPassage1关键词、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.__________had____________________with__________who_________________.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson词序变化法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)连词成句Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式变化法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.KeyforPassage1:Thewritertellsuspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)Passage2:关键句(1)Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.细节省略法Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.词序变化法、连词衔接法Givepraiseinsteadofscolding.词性变换法Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.句意理解法同义替换法词性转换法细节省略法(1)Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.Thearticlegivestheviewthatwheneducatingchildren,parentsshouldpraiseandencouragetheminsteadofscolding,whichwillhelpchildrentomakeprogressandsucceed.Passage3:关键词、句(1)Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.(2)ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.(3)PeoplecanshopforavarietyofthingsontheInternet.(4)commonproducts,informationproducts,servicesKeyforPassage3:Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon----Internetshopping