Lesson Seven Mandela’s Garden

LessonSevenMandela’sGardenLeadinLanguagepointsComprehensionofthetextRhetoricaldeviceBackgroundLeadinDoyouknowthem?Whodoyouthinkisagreatperson?Whodoyouadmiregreatly?Why?NormanBethume(1890-1939),CanadaGaveuphiscareerinCanadaanddiedhelpingtheChinesearmyasadoctorinWorldWarIISunYatsenThefirstPresidentoftheChineseRepublic,hespentmanyyearsabroadworkinghardfortherevolutionwhenhecouldhavehadahappyandsuccessfullifeasadoctor.NeilArmstrong(1930-)USAFirstmanonthemoonMarieCurie(1867-1934)FamouschemistandphysicistandthefirstpersontowintwoNobelPrizesforherdiscoveryofpoloniumandradium.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)EndedtheslaveryofSouthAmericaandunitedtheSouthandtheNorthintoawholestate.AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)Oneofthegreatestscientistsofthecentury,hewasgiventheNobelPrizein1921forhistheoriesofrelativity.QianXuesen(1911--)Hsue-ShenTsien“ThefatherofChina’saerospace”and“thekingofrocket”1.Howcanwetellifanimportantpersonisagreatperson?2.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkareneededtomakeagreatperson?Howcanwetellifanimportantpersonisagreatperson?Agreatpersonisonewhohasfollowedhis/herideasandsacrificedsomething.Afamouspersonmaybewell-knownbutifhe/shehasnotgonestrugglesanddifficultiesfortheirnoblecause,theycan’tbecalledagreatperson.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkareneededtomakeagreatperson?Intelligent,determined,generous,kind,unselfish,brave,hard-working,confident,persistence,modesty(Onewhohasanidea,helpsothers,unselfishlygivesupsomethingtoachievehis/hergoal)NelsonMandelaHowmuchdoyouknowabouthim?KeyWordsofbackgroundapartheidracialdiscriminationAfricannationalcongressbeontrialacquitlifeimprisonmenttheNobelPeacePrize种族隔离政策种族歧视非洲人国民大会被审讯宣布无罪终生监禁诺贝尔和平奖NelsonMandela(1918--),SouthAfricaHespent27yearsinprisonfightingforblackpeopleinSouthAfrica.HewasthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfricaandalegendaryfigureoftheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)OnJuly18,1918hewasborninSouthAfricaHewaseducatedatuniversityofFortHareandtheuniversityofWitwatersrandandqualifiedinlawin1942.In1944hejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongressIn1948hewasactiveinresistanceagainsttherulingnationalparty’sapartheidpoliciesmadebythewhite.In1956-1961hewasarrestedandwentontrialfortreason.In1961,hewasacquitted.In1962hearguedforthesettingupofamilitarywingswithintheANC.ANCexecutiveagreedtohisproposalontheuseofviolenttactics.In1962Hewasarrestedagainandsentencedtofiveyears’imprisonmentwithhardlabor.In1963ManyfellowleadersoftheANCwerearrested.Mandelawasbroughttostandtrialwiththemforplottingtooverthrowthegovernmentbyviolence.In1964Eightoftheaccused(includingMandela)weresentencedtolifeimprisonment.1964-1982HewasincarceratedatRobbenIslandPrison.NelsonMandelawasreleasedonFebruary11,1990byF.W.deKlerk,theincumbentSouthAfricanpresidentatthetime.Afterhisrelease,heplungedhimselfwholeheartedlyintohislife'swork,strivingtoattainthegoalsheandothershadsetoutalmostfourdecadesearlier.In1991,MandelawaselectedPresidentoftheANC.In1994,hewaselectedpresidentofSouthAfrica,whichhestillholdsofficetoday.Twobiographicalmoviesweremade,andthelatest,MandelaanddeKlerk,focusedonstruggleofhislife.Mandelahasbeenmarriedthreetimes:From1944to1957toEvelynMaseFrom1958to1996toWinnieMadikizelaFrom1998tillnowtoGracaMachel...Mandela'swifeWinniebecameapowerfulfigurewhileMandelawasinprison.However,in1995,shedismissedfromhiscabinet,andtheirofficialdivorcein1996.GroupTaskWritealettertothegovernmenttoreleaseMandela.Everystudentshouldwritedownoneletterandthegroupmateswilldiscusswhoseletteristhebestone.Thenthisstudentshouldshowandreadhis/herlettertothewholeclassnexttime.Theothergroupmatesshouldgivetheircommentsonit.JiangxiUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsNanchang,ChinaMay27,1989DearPresident,IamwritingtoaskyoutofreeNelsonMandela.HerearesomereasonswhyIthinkheshouldbefree.Asweallknow,peoplewithdifferentcolorsshouldbeequal.NelsonMandeladevotedallhislifetorealizethisdream.In1944,hefoundedtheANCYouthLeaguetocallonpeopletostrugglefortheirrightstovote.In1952,heopenedalawofficetohelpthepoorblackpeopleinJohannesburgontheirproblems.Theblackpeoplelovedhim.In1962,Mandelaencouragedpeopletouseviolenceagainstanti-blacklawstogettheirrights,sohewassentencedto5yearshardlabor.Oneyearlater,asoneoftheleadersofANC,heledthemtoblowupthegovernmentbuildingstorealizetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal,sothathewasagainsentencedtoprisonforlifeonRobbenIslanduntilnow.Ithink,whathedidwasforhispeople,hiscountry,notforhimself.Hehasanunselfishandbraveheart.Asheisagreatman,youshouldsethimfree.Bestwhishes!Yourstruly,Languagepointsdeclineblowmanualbaratlengthdeclinede:1)opposite,negative,not,countertodemilitarize使非军事化demobilize复员destruction破坏denationalize非国有化2)Weaken,reduce,lowerdefame诽谤decode解码deform变形deface损坏外观devalue贬值declass降低社会地位depress压下，压低3)Strengthen,reinforcedescribe描绘debate争论decry谴责v.1)toslopeormovedownwards:About2mileseast,thelandbeginstodeclinetowardstheriver.2)tomovefromabettertoaworseposition,orfromhighertolower:Hispower/health/influencehasbeguntodeclinenowthatheisold.3)torefuse,usu.politely;beunwillingWeaskedthemtocometoourparty,buttheydeclined(theinvitation)4)